Table of SynGAP1 Isoform α2 (UniProt Q96PV0-1) Missense Variants.
| c.dna | Variant | SGM Consensus | Domain | ClinVar | gnomAD | ESM1b | AlphaMissense | REVEL | FoldX | Rosetta | Foldetta | PremPS | PROVEAN | PolyPhen-2 HumDiv | PolyPhen-2 HumVar | FATHMM | SIFT | PAM | Physical | SASA | Normalized B-factor backbone | Normalized B-factor sidechain | SynGAP Structural Annotation | DOI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Status | Review | Subm. | ID | Allele count | Allele freq. | LLR score | Prediction | Pathogenicity | Class | Optimized | Score | Prediction | Average ΔΔG | Prediction | StdDev | ΔΔG | Prediction | ΔΔG | Prediction | ΔΔG | Prediction | Score | Prediction | pph2_prob | Prediction | pph2_prob | Prediction | Nervous System Score | Prediction | Prediction | Status | Conservation | Sequences | PAM250 | PAM120 | Hydropathy Δ | MW Δ | Average | Δ | Δ | StdDev | Δ | StdDev | Secondary | Tertiary bonds | Inside out | GAP-Ras interface | At membrane | No effect | MD Alert | Verdict | Description | |||||
| c.2854G>A | G952S | Likely Benign | Conflicting | 2 | 6-33443406-G-A | 2 | 1.24e-6 | -6.190 | Likely Benign | 0.077 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.167 | Likely Benign | 0.19 | Neutral | 0.000 | Benign | 0.002 | Benign | 3.31 | Benign | 0.07 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | 0 | -0.4 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.286G>A | G96S | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33425894-G-A | 5 | 3.10e-6 | -3.049 | Likely Benign | 0.065 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.071 | Likely Benign | -0.76 | Neutral | 0.364 | Benign | 0.008 | Benign | 4.25 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 1 | 1 | 0 | -0.4 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.28C>T | R10W | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33420292-C-T | 2 | 1.30e-6 | -5.707 | Likely Benign | 0.503 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.236 | Likely Benign | -0.31 | Neutral | 0.964 | Probably Damaging | 0.190 | Benign | 4.10 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 1 | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.2989G>A | A997T | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -4.102 | Likely Benign | 0.071 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.085 | Likely Benign | -0.62 | Neutral | 0.224 | Benign | 0.120 | Benign | 4.17 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 4 | 1 | 0 | -2.5 | 30.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3160G>A | G1054S | Likely Benign | Benign | 1 | 6-33443712-G-A | 32 | 1.99e-5 | -5.294 | Likely Benign | 0.075 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.160 | Likely Benign | 0.21 | Neutral | 0.121 | Benign | 0.013 | Benign | 4.04 | Benign | 0.63 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | 0 | -0.4 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3172G>A | G1058S | Likely Benign | Conflicting | 3 | 6-33443724-G-A | 114 | 7.08e-5 | -5.178 | Likely Benign | 0.081 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.108 | Likely Benign | 0.26 | Neutral | 0.001 | Benign | 0.001 | Benign | 5.38 | Benign | 0.04 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | 0 | -0.4 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3178G>A | G1060S | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443730-G-A | -4.759 | Likely Benign | 0.082 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.376 | Likely Benign | -0.08 | Neutral | 0.271 | Benign | 0.054 | Benign | 2.69 | Benign | 0.49 | Tolerated | 4.32 | 2 | 1 | 0 | -0.4 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3181G>A | G1061S | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -4.891 | Likely Benign | 0.079 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.283 | Likely Benign | -0.68 | Neutral | 0.004 | Benign | 0.004 | Benign | 4.00 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 1 | 0 | -0.4 | 30.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3238G>A | A1080T | Likely Benign | Conflicting | 2 | 6-33443790-G-A | 17 | 1.06e-5 | -3.928 | Likely Benign | 0.133 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.144 | Likely Benign | -0.19 | Neutral | 0.253 | Benign | 0.042 | Benign | 4.10 | Benign | 0.60 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | 0 | -2.5 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3253C>T | R1085W | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443805-C-T | 2 | 1.26e-6 | -6.339 | Likely Benign | 0.821 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.202 | Likely Benign | -3.15 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.996 | Probably Damaging | 2.70 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -3 | 2 | 3.6 | 30.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3304G>A | A1102T | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443856-G-A | 11 | 7.17e-6 | -3.540 | Likely Benign | 0.070 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.044 | Likely Benign | -0.30 | Neutral | 0.001 | Benign | 0.001 | Benign | 2.32 | Pathogenic | 0.95 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | 0 | -2.5 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3313C>T | R1105W | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443865-C-T | 6 | 3.93e-6 | -6.911 | Likely Benign | 0.488 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.133 | Likely Benign | -4.34 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.696 | Possibly Damaging | 2.42 | Pathogenic | 0.02 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -3 | 2 | 3.6 | 30.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3364G>A | G1122S | Likely Benign | Benign/Likely benign | 2 | 6-33443916-G-A | 27 | 1.79e-5 | -4.880 | Likely Benign | 0.072 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.189 | Likely Benign | -0.08 | Neutral | 0.022 | Benign | 0.006 | Benign | 4.89 | Benign | 0.92 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | 0 | -0.4 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3457C>T | R1153W | Likely Pathogenic | Uncertain | 2 | 6-33444492-C-T | 2 | 1.24e-6 | -5.812 | Likely Benign | 0.994 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.317 | Likely Benign | -5.88 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.998 | Probably Damaging | 1.46 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3511G>A | A1171T | Likely Benign | Coiled-coil | Uncertain | 1 | -3.658 | Likely Benign | 0.149 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.201 | Likely Benign | -0.48 | Neutral | 0.245 | Benign | 0.138 | Benign | 5.45 | Benign | 0.07 | Tolerated | 4.32 | 4 | 1 | 0 | -2.5 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3640C>T | R1214W | Likely Pathogenic | Coiled-coil | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33446632-C-T | 2 | 1.24e-6 | -8.799 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.710 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.143 | Likely Benign | -4.95 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.983 | Probably Damaging | 2.45 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3661C>T | R1221W | Likely Pathogenic | Coiled-coil | Conflicting | 3 | 6-33446653-C-T | 1 | 6.20e-7 | -10.938 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.651 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.174 | Likely Benign | -4.57 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.987 | Probably Damaging | 2.50 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.379C>T | R127W | Uncertain | 1 | -4.776 | Likely Benign | 0.806 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.118 | Likely Benign | -2.98 | Deleterious | 0.989 | Probably Damaging | 0.420 | Benign | 3.88 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3835G>A | A1279T | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 2 | 6-33447883-G-A | 2 | 1.29e-6 | -4.871 | Likely Benign | 0.071 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.178 | Likely Benign | -0.30 | Neutral | 0.001 | Benign | 0.000 | Benign | 2.71 | Benign | 0.09 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | 0 | -2.5 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3907G>A | G1303S | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -2.271 | Likely Benign | 0.125 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.155 | Likely Benign | -0.19 | Neutral | 0.649 | Possibly Damaging | 0.433 | Benign | 2.84 | Benign | 0.18 | Tolerated | 1 | 0 | -0.4 | 30.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3949G>A | G1317S | Likely Benign | Conflicting | 3 | 6-33451823-G-A | 1 | 6.26e-7 | -3.522 | Likely Benign | 0.145 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.092 | Likely Benign | -2.45 | Neutral | 0.127 | Benign | 0.045 | Benign | 4.08 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | 0 | -0.4 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.4003G>A | G1335S | Likely Pathogenic | Conflicting | 2 | 6-33451877-G-A | 3 | 2.37e-6 | -4.495 | Likely Benign | 0.986 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.362 | Likely Benign | -3.79 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.997 | Probably Damaging | 2.04 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | 0 | -0.4 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.4021G>A | A1341T | Likely Benign | Conflicting | 3 | 6-33451895-G-A | 45 | 3.44e-5 | -3.224 | Likely Benign | 0.081 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.099 | Likely Benign | -0.58 | Neutral | 0.000 | Benign | 0.000 | Benign | 4.09 | Benign | 0.03 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | 0 | -2.5 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.406C>T | R136W | Likely Pathogenic | Uncertain | 2 | -10.453 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.989 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.237 | Likely Benign | -4.71 | Deleterious | 0.965 | Probably Damaging | 0.416 | Benign | 3.45 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.61 | 5 | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.43G>A | A15T | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33420307-G-A | 4 | 2.60e-6 | -3.720 | Likely Benign | 0.125 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.086 | Likely Benign | -0.08 | Neutral | 0.602 | Possibly Damaging | 0.017 | Benign | 4.16 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 1 | 1 | 0 | -2.5 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.508C>T | R170W | Likely Pathogenic | Uncertain | 2 | -11.660 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.978 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.241 | Likely Benign | -4.28 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.849 | Possibly Damaging | 3.84 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.74 | 4 | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.514C>T | R172W | Likely Pathogenic | Uncertain | 2 | 6-33435156-C-T | 9 | 5.58e-6 | -10.258 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.878 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.228 | Likely Benign | -3.61 | Deleterious | 0.997 | Probably Damaging | 0.803 | Possibly Damaging | 3.95 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.61 | 5 | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.73C>T | R25W | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 2 | 6-33423482-C-T | 6 | 3.72e-6 | -5.133 | Likely Benign | 0.549 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.158 | Likely Benign | -1.60 | Neutral | 0.994 | Probably Damaging | 0.919 | Probably Damaging | 3.92 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 1 | -3 | 2 | 3.6 | 30.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.694G>A | A232T (3D Viewer) | PH | Benign | 1 | 6-33435545-G-A | 1 | 6.20e-7 | -7.655 | In-Between | 0.874 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.469 | Likely Benign | 0.47 | Likely Benign | 0.1 | -0.04 | Likely Benign | 0.22 | Likely Benign | 0.61 | Ambiguous | -1.42 | Neutral | 0.608 | Possibly Damaging | 0.240 | Benign | 5.80 | Benign | 0.09 | Tolerated | 3.40 | 14 | 1 | 0 | -2.5 | 30.03 | 210.8 | -42.0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.5 | X | Uncertain | The hydroxyl group of Thr232, located at the end of an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Thr228-Ala232), forms hydrogen bonds with nearby residues Glu217, Cys233, and Cys219 in the variant simulations. These hydrogen-bonding interactions at the β sheet surface contribute to the stability of the secondary structure element and prevent it from unfolding. The new hydrogen bond interactions may be more favorable for structural stability than the steric interactions of the methyl side chain of Ala with the side chains of Gln216 and Cys219 in the WT. However, since the model ends abruptly at the N-terminus, no definite conclusions can be drawn from the simulations. | |||||||||
| c.700C>T | R234W (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | PH | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33435551-C-T | 3 | 1.86e-6 | -12.625 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.947 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.805 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.96 | Ambiguous | 0.3 | 0.69 | Ambiguous | 0.83 | Ambiguous | 0.13 | Likely Benign | -5.52 | Deleterious | 0.997 | Probably Damaging | 0.803 | Possibly Damaging | 5.76 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 3.40 | 14 | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | 262.8 | 39.6 | -0.1 | 0.0 | -0.2 | 0.2 | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The guanidinium group of Arg234, located in a β-α loop between an anti-parallel β sheet strand (residues Gly227-Phe231) and an α helix (res. Ala236-Val250), forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu238 in the α helix. Occasionally, it also bonds with the GAP domain residues Ser678 and Glu680. Thus, the positively charged Arg234 could contribute to the tertiary structure assembly between the PH and GAP domains. In contrast, the indole side chain of Trp234 in the variant is located on the protein surface in the variant simulations and is unable to form any interactions. | ||||||||
| c.742C>T | R248W (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | PH | Uncertain | 1 | -11.647 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.991 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.699 | Likely Pathogenic | 1.17 | Ambiguous | 0.3 | -0.20 | Likely Benign | 0.49 | Likely Benign | 0.89 | Ambiguous | -6.98 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.948 | Probably Damaging | 5.62 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.41 | 14 | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | 266.4 | 42.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The guanidinium group of Arg248, located on an α helix (res. Ala236-Val250), forms two very stable salt bridges with Asp255 (from a short α helical section, res. Lys254-Asn256) and Glu244 (from a nearby loop) in the WT simulations. In the variant simulations, the indole group of Trp248 cannot form any salt bridges, which could negatively affect the tertiary structure assembly of the PH domain. Instead, in the variant simulations, the indole ring of Trp248 stacks against Pro252, which makes a turn after the α helix. | |||||||||||
| c.745G>A | A249T (3D Viewer) | Likely Benign | PH | Uncertain | 1 | -3.564 | Likely Benign | 0.805 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.487 | Likely Benign | 1.50 | Ambiguous | 0.6 | 1.39 | Ambiguous | 1.45 | Ambiguous | 0.30 | Likely Benign | -0.96 | Neutral | 0.990 | Probably Damaging | 0.815 | Possibly Damaging | 5.65 | Benign | 0.40 | Tolerated | 3.39 | 15 | 1 | 0 | -2.5 | 30.03 | 214.5 | -43.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.2 | X | Potentially Benign | The methyl group of Ala249, located on the surface of an α helix (res. Ala236-Val250) facing an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Ile205-Val209), packs against nearby hydrophobic residues such as Leu200, Leu246, and Val250. In the variant simulations, the hydroxyl group of Thr249, which is not suitable for hydrophobic packing, forms a stable hydrogen bond with the backbone carbonyl of Asn245 in the same helix. Although this interaction could theoretically weaken the structural integrity of the α helix, this destabilizing effect is not observed in the variant simulations. | |||||||||||
| c.775C>T | R259W (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | -12.186 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.985 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.691 | Likely Pathogenic | 1.95 | Ambiguous | 0.8 | 0.51 | Ambiguous | 1.23 | Ambiguous | 0.51 | Ambiguous | -7.35 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.993 | Probably Damaging | 5.76 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.39 | 15 | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | 254.0 | 40.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | X | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The guanidinium group of Arg259, located at the beginning of an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Arg259-Arg272), forms salt bridges with the carboxylate groups of Asp684 at the end of an α helix (res. Ile683-Gln702, GAP domain) and Asp261 on the same β strand. The Arg259 side chain also frequently forms hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of Ser257, Asn256, and Asp255. In the variant simulations, the indole ring of the Trp259 side chain cannot form salt bridges or maintain hydrogen bonding with the carboxylate group of Asp684 or other nearby residues. Notably, the amino group of the Lys254 side chain maintains a salt bridge with Asp684 and Glu244 throughout the variant simulations, while it forms a cation-π bond with the indole ring of Trp259 in the variant. This salt bridge is not maintained in the WT simulations. Additionally, the partially or loosely α helical conformation of a lysine-containing loop (res. Lys251-Ser257), which extends to a nearby α helix (res. Met414-Asn426), could be stabilized due to the residue swap. Moreover, the bulky size of the Trp259 side chain requires nearby residues to adjust their positioning to accommodate the introduced residue, weakening the tertiary structure assembly between the C2, PH, and GAP domains. The residue swap potentially causes more severe effects during protein folding or for the SynGAP-membrane interaction than the solvent-only simulations imply. | |||||||||
| c.835C>T | R279W (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | -11.417 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.942 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.485 | Likely Benign | 2.00 | Destabilizing | 0.8 | 1.47 | Ambiguous | 1.74 | Ambiguous | 0.80 | Ambiguous | -6.29 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.998 | Probably Damaging | 1.88 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.39 | 18 | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | 270.0 | 38.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | Uncertain | The guanidinium group of Arg279, located at the beginning of an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Arg279-Leu286), can form hydrogen bond with the backbone carbonyl groups of nearby loop residues (e.g., Ser296, Ser331, and As332) and form salt bridges with the carboxylate groups of Asp330 and Asp332. In the WT simulations, Arg279 sporadically forms a salt bridge even with the carboxylate group of Glu613, loosely connecting the C2 domain and GAP domain. Meanwhile, the indole ring of the Trp279 side chain is unable to hydrogen bond with the loop residues in the variant simulations. The lack of hydrogen bond or salt bridge formation with the loop residues could be significant, as Arg279 and the loops face the polar head group region of the membrane. Thus, although Trp279 could interact with the membrane surface as a “lipid anchor,” any changes to the wider loop dynamics could still adversely affect the formation of a stable SynGAP-membrane association. However, no definite conclusions on the effect of the residue swap on the SynGAP-membrane association can be drawn from solvent-only simulations. | ||||||||||||
| c.901G>A | A301T (3D Viewer) | Likely Benign | C2 | Uncertain | 5 | 6-33437806-G-A | 2 | 1.24e-6 | -3.448 | Likely Benign | 0.070 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.150 | Likely Benign | 0.36 | Likely Benign | 0.2 | -0.33 | Likely Benign | 0.02 | Likely Benign | 0.03 | Likely Benign | -0.25 | Neutral | 0.997 | Probably Damaging | 0.989 | Probably Damaging | 4.15 | Benign | 0.22 | Tolerated | 4.32 | 14 | 1 | 0 | -2.5 | 30.03 | 219.8 | -42.8 | -0.1 | 0.0 | -0.5 | 0.2 | Uncertain | The methyl group of Ala301, located in a β hairpin loop linking two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Met289-Pro298, res. Thr305-Asn315), points outward from the β hairpin loop, and its backbone atoms do not participate in the loop formation in the WT simulations. In the variant simulations, the hydroxyl group of the Thr301 side chain also mostly points outward; however, the guanidinium group of Arg299 is moved away from its central hairpin loop position.β hairpins are potential nucleation sites during the initial stages of protein folding, so even minor changes in them could be significant. Due to its location near the membrane surface, the residue swap could also affect the C2 loop dynamics and SynGAP-membrane association. However, this is beyond the scope of the solvent-only simulations to unravel. | |||||||||
| c.970C>T | R324W (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33437875-C-T | 2 | 1.24e-6 | -12.906 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.694 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.481 | Likely Benign | 1.49 | Ambiguous | 0.3 | 0.56 | Ambiguous | 1.03 | Ambiguous | 0.66 | Ambiguous | -3.12 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.998 | Probably Damaging | 1.82 | Pathogenic | 0.16 | Tolerated | 3.39 | 22 | 2 | -3 | 3.6 | 30.03 | 256.6 | 39.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The guanidinium group of Arg324, located at the end of an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Ala322-Asp330), faces outward and frequently forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of the Asp288 side chain, which is part of a β strand end (res. Met289-Pro298). In the variant simulations, the indole ring of the Trp324 side chain cannot maintain a similar interaction with the negatively charged carboxylate side chain of Asp288, potentially compromising the folding of the anti-parallel β sheet assembly. However, the residue swap does not appear to negatively impact the protein structure or its integrity based on the simulations. | ||||||||
| c.1463C>T | T488M (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33438495-C-T | 2 | 1.24e-6 | -12.459 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.973 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.746 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.66 | Ambiguous | 0.3 | 1.62 | Ambiguous | 1.14 | Ambiguous | 0.46 | Likely Benign | -5.70 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 3.21 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.37 | 35 | -1 | -1 | 2.6 | 30.09 | |||||||||||||||||
| c.2015C>T | T672M (3D Viewer) | GAP | Conflicting | 2 | 6-33441274-C-T | 19 | 1.18e-5 | -9.472 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.174 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.127 | Likely Benign | 0.31 | Likely Benign | 0.4 | 1.52 | Ambiguous | 0.92 | Ambiguous | 0.41 | Likely Benign | -4.34 | Deleterious | 0.993 | Probably Damaging | 0.520 | Possibly Damaging | 3.39 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.40 | 25 | -1 | -1 | 2.6 | 30.09 | 231.9 | -52.9 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The hydroxyl group of Thr672, located in an entangled α-α loop connecting the two α-helices (res. Ser641-Glu666 and res. Leu685-Val699), is involved in a highly coordinated hydrogen-bonding network between residues from two α-helices (res. Ser641-Glu666 and res. Arg563-Glu578) and from the α-α loop itself, such as Lys566, Glu666, and Asn669. Met672 can only form a hydrogen bond with the amino group of the Lys566 side chain via its backbone carbonyl group. Nevertheless, the Lys566-Glu666 salt bridge forms intermittently. This is possible because Asn669 keeps the carboxylate group of Glu666 in the vicinity through hydrogen bonding, and the hydrophobic side chain of Met stays mostly rotated away from the salt bridge. Consequently, no drastic disruption of the hydrogen-bond network that keeps the loop close to the helices occurs in the variant simulations. | ||||||||
| c.2699C>T | T900M | Likely Benign | Conflicting | 2 | 6-33443251-C-T | 14 | 8.68e-6 | -3.852 | Likely Benign | 0.176 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.015 | Likely Benign | -0.81 | Neutral | 0.060 | Benign | 0.016 | Benign | 2.79 | Benign | 0.08 | Tolerated | 4.32 | 4 | -1 | -1 | 2.6 | 30.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3929C>T | T1310M | Likely Benign | Benign | 1 | 6-33451803-C-T | 17 | 1.05e-5 | -4.822 | Likely Benign | 0.117 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.069 | Likely Benign | 2.19 | Neutral | 0.021 | Benign | 0.005 | Benign | 2.98 | Benign | 0.93 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | -1 | -1 | 2.6 | 30.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3995C>T | T1332M | Likely Benign | 1 | 6-33451869-C-T | 20 | 1.86e-5 | -4.107 | Likely Benign | 0.948 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.252 | Likely Benign | -3.63 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.991 | Probably Damaging | 2.95 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -1 | -1 | 2.6 | 30.09 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.431C>T | T144M | Likely Pathogenic | Uncertain | 2 | 6-33432728-C-T | 2 | 1.30e-6 | -11.228 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.922 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.118 | Likely Benign | -3.16 | Deleterious | 0.913 | Possibly Damaging | 0.333 | Benign | 3.73 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.61 | 5 | -1 | -1 | 2.6 | 30.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.2858C>A | P953Q | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -6.038 | Likely Benign | 0.079 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.086 | Likely Benign | -0.78 | Neutral | 0.058 | Benign | 0.015 | Benign | 2.78 | Benign | 0.29 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 0 | -1 | -1.9 | 31.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3920C>A | P1307Q | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33451794-C-A | -4.227 | Likely Benign | 0.114 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.192 | Likely Benign | -0.88 | Neutral | 0.988 | Probably Damaging | 0.765 | Possibly Damaging | 2.82 | Benign | 0.03 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 0 | -1 | -1.9 | 31.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3962C>A | P1321Q | Likely Benign | Benign | 1 | 6-33451836-C-A | 1 | 6.58e-7 | -5.594 | Likely Benign | 0.079 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.055 | Likely Benign | -0.74 | Neutral | 0.659 | Possibly Damaging | 0.034 | Benign | 4.24 | Benign | 0.09 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 0 | -1 | -1.9 | 31.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3977C>A | P1326Q | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33451851-C-A | 1 | 6.40e-7 | -5.422 | Likely Benign | 0.128 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.138 | Likely Benign | -0.86 | Neutral | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.994 | Probably Damaging | 3.62 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -1 | 0 | -1.9 | 31.01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1042G>A | V348M (3D Viewer)  | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | -7.076 | In-Between | 0.546 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.191 | Likely Benign | -1.19 | Ambiguous | 0.1 | 0.72 | Ambiguous | -0.24 | Likely Benign | 0.76 | Ambiguous | -1.62 | Neutral | 0.966 | Probably Damaging | 0.564 | Possibly Damaging | 1.58 | Pathogenic | 0.03 | Affected | 3.37 | 25 | 2 | 1 | -2.3 | 32.06 | 253.8 | -47.4 | -0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | X | Potentially Benign | The iso-propyl side chain of Val348, located in an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Gly341-Pro349), packs against multiple hydrophobic C2 domain residues (e.g., Leu353, Leu323, Leu402). In the variant simulations, the thioether side chain of Met348 can form similar interactions as valine due to its comparable hydrophobic profile. In fact, the thioether group of methionine can even stack favorably with the phenol ring of Tyr363 in the anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Ala399-Ile411). Overall, the residue swap does not appear to cause negative effects on the protein structure based on the simulations. | ||||||||||||
| c.1678G>A | V560M (3D Viewer) | GAP | Uncertain | 2 | 6-33440730-G-A | 15 | 9.50e-6 | -9.598 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.517 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.520 | Likely Pathogenic | -0.33 | Likely Benign | 0.1 | 0.88 | Ambiguous | 0.28 | Likely Benign | 0.72 | Ambiguous | -2.42 | Neutral | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.863 | Possibly Damaging | -1.25 | Pathogenic | 0.14 | Tolerated | 3.37 | 35 | 2 | 1 | -2.3 | 32.06 | 234.9 | -52.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.1 | X | Potentially Benign | Val560 is located on the surface at the end of an α-helix (res. Ala533-Val560). The iso-propyl group of Val560 favorably packs against Asp508 of the opposing α-helix (res. Gln503-Glu519). However, in the variant simulations, the bulkier thioether side chain of Met560 does not form equally favorable inter-helix interactions. Regardless, no negative structural effects are observed during the simulations. | |||||||||
| c.2095G>A | V699M (3D Viewer) | GAP | Uncertain | 2 | 6-33441354-G-A | 8 | 4.96e-6 | -8.869 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.484 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.276 | Likely Benign | -0.58 | Ambiguous | 0.1 | 0.29 | Likely Benign | -0.15 | Likely Benign | 0.96 | Ambiguous | -2.18 | Neutral | 0.994 | Probably Damaging | 0.806 | Possibly Damaging | 3.37 | Benign | 0.03 | Affected | 3.47 | 10 | 2 | 1 | -2.3 | 32.06 | 257.8 | -47.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.1 | X | Potentially Benign | The isopropyl side chain of Val699, located on an α-helix (res. Leu685-Gln702), packs against hydrophobic residues (e.g., Leu703, Leu696, Leu435, Leu439) in the inter-helix space. In the variant simulations, the thioether side chain of Met699 has similar physicochemical properties to Val699 in the WT, and thus, it is able to maintain similar interactions. Consequently, the mutation causes no apparent changes in the structure. | |||||||||
| c.2521G>A | V841M | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443073-G-A | 3 | 1.86e-6 | -7.000 | In-Between | 0.651 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.119 | Likely Benign | -0.74 | Neutral | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.998 | Probably Damaging | 2.54 | Benign | 0.02 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | 2 | -2.3 | 32.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3511_3512delinsTG | A1171C | Likely Benign | Coiled-coil | Uncertain | 1 | -5.363 | Likely Benign | 0.496 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | -1.16 | Neutral | 0.978 | Probably Damaging | 0.825 | Possibly Damaging | 5.32 | Benign | 0.02 | Affected | 4.32 | 4 | -2 | 0 | 0.7 | 32.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1516C>T | L506F (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | -11.262 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.883 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.464 | Likely Benign | 4.92 | Destabilizing | 0.8 | 5.76 | Destabilizing | 5.34 | Destabilizing | 0.91 | Ambiguous | -3.98 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.997 | Probably Damaging | 1.62 | Pathogenic | 0.01 | Affected | 3.37 | 35 | 0 | 2 | -1.0 | 34.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1540A>T | I514F (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | -13.383 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.962 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.601 | Likely Pathogenic | 2.35 | Destabilizing | 0.3 | 3.74 | Destabilizing | 3.05 | Destabilizing | 0.93 | Ambiguous | -3.98 | Deleterious | 0.997 | Probably Damaging | 0.993 | Probably Damaging | 2.89 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.37 | 35 | 0 | 1 | -1.7 | 34.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| c.169C>T | L57F | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 2 | -5.096 | Likely Benign | 0.459 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.051 | Likely Benign | -0.78 | Neutral | 0.824 | Possibly Damaging | 0.879 | Possibly Damaging | 3.96 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 1 | 2 | 0 | -1.0 | 34.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1465C>T | L489F (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 2 | 6-33438497-C-T | 1 | 6.20e-7 | -12.066 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.965 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.724 | Likely Pathogenic | 1.72 | Ambiguous | 0.5 | 1.14 | Ambiguous | 1.43 | Ambiguous | 0.56 | Ambiguous | -3.76 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.997 | Probably Damaging | -1.51 | Pathogenic | 0.01 | Affected | 3.37 | 35 | 2 | 0 | -1.0 | 34.02 | 246.4 | -17.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | X | Potentially Benign | The iso-butyl side chain of Leu489, located in the α-helix (res. Leu489-Glu519) within an inter-helix space of four helices (res. Ala461-Phe476, res. Val441-Ser457, and res. Met414-Glu436), packs with hydrophobic residues (e.g., Cys432, Ala448, Lys444, Ala493, Val447, Met468) in the inter-helix space. In the variant simulations, the phenyl ring of the Phe489 side chain can also pack favorably in the hydrophobic region. However, due to the size difference, the aromatic side chain of Phe489 tends to reposition to escape the tight region to accommodate the larger side chain, stacking with Lys444. Although no apparent negative changes are observed during the variant simulation, the size difference between the swapped residues could affect the protein folding process. | ||||||||
| c.2305C>T | L769F | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -5.044 | Likely Benign | 0.146 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.060 | Likely Benign | -0.89 | Neutral | 0.925 | Possibly Damaging | 0.510 | Possibly Damaging | 3.94 | Benign | 0.02 | Affected | 2 | 0 | -1.0 | 34.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.2962C>T | L988F | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443514-C-T | 1 | 6.20e-7 | -4.368 | Likely Benign | 0.356 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.135 | Likely Benign | -1.70 | Neutral | 0.977 | Probably Damaging | 0.900 | Possibly Damaging | 2.69 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 2 | 2 | 0 | -1.0 | 34.02 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3906G>C | L1302F | Uncertain | 1 | -5.674 | Likely Benign | 0.148 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.211 | Likely Benign | -2.70 | Deleterious | 0.960 | Probably Damaging | 0.657 | Possibly Damaging | 1.53 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 2 | 0 | -1.0 | 34.02 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.558G>C | L186F | Likely Pathogenic | Uncertain | 1 | -11.861 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.993 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.132 | Likely Benign | -3.03 | Deleterious | 0.009 | Benign | 0.012 | Benign | 3.50 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 2 | 0 | -1.0 | 34.02 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.600G>C | L200F (3D Viewer) | PH | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33435242-G-C | 2 | 1.24e-6 | -7.606 | In-Between | 0.592 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.094 | Likely Benign | 1.00 | Ambiguous | 0.5 | 1.45 | Ambiguous | 1.23 | Ambiguous | 0.43 | Likely Benign | -1.97 | Neutral | 0.997 | Probably Damaging | 0.916 | Probably Damaging | 4.02 | Benign | 0.17 | Tolerated | 3.46 | 9 | 2 | 0 | -1.0 | 34.02 | 250.4 | -15.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.0 | X | Uncertain | Leu200, a hydrophobic residue located in the N-terminal loop before the first anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Ile205-Pro208), is replaced by another hydrophobic residue, phenylalanine. Both the phenyl group of Phe200 and the branched iso-butyl hydrocarbon sidechain of Leu200 occupy an inward hydrophobic niche (e.g., Leu246, Val222, Phe231) during the simulations. However, since the model ends abruptly at the N-terminus, no definite conclusions can be drawn from the simulations. | |||||||||
| c.2435C>A | P812H | SH3-binding motif | Uncertain | 2 | 6-33442987-C-A | 3 | 1.86e-6 | -7.470 | In-Between | 0.698 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.272 | Likely Benign | -2.81 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.995 | Probably Damaging | 2.68 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 4 | 0 | -2 | -1.6 | 40.02 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.2912C>A | P971H | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443464-C-A | 1 | 6.20e-7 | -5.243 | Likely Benign | 0.086 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.039 | Likely Benign | -1.11 | Neutral | 0.898 | Possibly Damaging | 0.477 | Possibly Damaging | 3.89 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 2 | -2 | 0 | -1.6 | 40.02 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3251C>A | P1084H | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443803-C-A | 1 | 6.31e-7 | -4.125 | Likely Benign | 0.323 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.134 | Likely Benign | -3.16 | Deleterious | 0.997 | Probably Damaging | 0.840 | Possibly Damaging | 3.96 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -2 | 0 | -1.6 | 40.02 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3902C>A | P1301H | Likely Benign | Conflicting | 2 | 6-33451776-C-A | 5 | 3.10e-6 | -5.756 | Likely Benign | 0.104 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.232 | Likely Benign | -1.13 | Neutral | 0.642 | Possibly Damaging | 0.378 | Benign | 2.79 | Benign | 0.04 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 0 | -2 | -1.6 | 40.02 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1118G>T | G373V (3D Viewer)  | Likely Benign | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33438023-G-T | 6 | 5.03e-6 | -6.062 | Likely Benign | 0.112 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.428 | Likely Benign | 5.32 | Destabilizing | 3.2 | 0.82 | Ambiguous | 3.07 | Destabilizing | 0.09 | Likely Benign | -0.98 | Neutral | 0.007 | Benign | 0.001 | Benign | 3.90 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.53 | 16 | -1 | -3 | 4.6 | 42.08 | 207.6 | -68.1 | 1.9 | 1.1 | -0.6 | 0.1 | Uncertain | Gly373 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364, res. Ala399-Ile411). Because the Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, it moves arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. The Ω loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play major roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like valine are rarely tolerated. Although no negative structural effects are observed in the variant simulations, Val373 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. However, since the effect on the Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn. | |||||||||
| c.1142G>T | G381V (3D Viewer) | Likely Benign | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33438047-G-T | 2 | 1.25e-6 | -5.967 | Likely Benign | 0.146 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.618 | Likely Pathogenic | 7.16 | Destabilizing | 1.0 | 4.10 | Destabilizing | 5.63 | Destabilizing | -0.32 | Likely Benign | -0.95 | Neutral | 0.386 | Benign | 0.157 | Benign | 1.32 | Pathogenic | 0.10 | Tolerated | 4.32 | 9 | -1 | -3 | 4.6 | 42.08 | 214.6 | -68.8 | 0.3 | 0.7 | -0.5 | 0.3 | Uncertain | Gly381 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364, res. Ala399-Ile411). Because the Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, it moves arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. The Ω loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play major roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like valine are rarely tolerated. Although no negative structural effects are observed in the variant simulations, Val381 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. However, since the effects on Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be well studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn. | |||||||||
| c.1160G>T | G387V (3D Viewer) | Likely Benign | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33438065-G-T | 22 | 1.37e-5 | -6.199 | Likely Benign | 0.153 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.390 | Likely Benign | 5.13 | Destabilizing | 1.8 | 6.44 | Destabilizing | 5.79 | Destabilizing | -0.33 | Likely Benign | -0.54 | Neutral | 0.069 | Benign | 0.077 | Benign | 1.32 | Pathogenic | 0.01 | Affected | 4.32 | 3 | -1 | -3 | 4.6 | 42.08 | 207.7 | -68.4 | -0.7 | 0.8 | -0.5 | 0.1 | Uncertain | Gly387 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364 and res. Ala399-Ile411). The Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, and it is observed to move arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. This loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play significant roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like valine are rarely tolerated. Although no negative structural effects are visualized in the variant’s simulations, Val387 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. Since the effects on the Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be well studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn. | |||||||||
| c.1172G>T | G391V (3D Viewer) | Likely Benign | C2 | Likely Benign | 1 | 6-33438077-G-T | 3 | 1.86e-6 | -6.642 | Likely Benign | 0.133 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.595 | Likely Pathogenic | 4.23 | Destabilizing | 1.3 | 4.81 | Destabilizing | 4.52 | Destabilizing | -0.11 | Likely Benign | -0.98 | Neutral | 0.994 | Probably Damaging | 0.887 | Possibly Damaging | 1.32 | Pathogenic | 0.10 | Tolerated | 3.69 | 8 | -1 | -3 | 4.6 | 42.08 | 228.6 | -69.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | -0.5 | 0.3 | Uncertain | Gly387 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364 and res. Ala399-Ile411). The Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, and it is observed to move arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. This loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play significant roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like valine are rarely tolerated. Although no negative structural effects are visualized in the variant’s simulations, Val391 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. Since the effects on the Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be well studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn. | |||||||||
| c.2855G>T | G952V | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -7.074 | In-Between | 0.078 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.231 | Likely Benign | -0.33 | Neutral | 0.000 | Benign | 0.000 | Benign | 3.20 | Benign | 0.02 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -1 | -3 | 4.6 | 42.08 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3041G>T | G1014V | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -4.612 | Likely Benign | 0.181 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.053 | Likely Benign | -2.47 | Neutral | 0.818 | Possibly Damaging | 0.377 | Benign | 2.72 | Benign | 0.06 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | -1 | -3 | 4.6 | 42.08 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3119G>T | G1040V | Likely Pathogenic | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443671-G-T | 4 | 2.48e-6 | -3.453 | Likely Benign | 0.645 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.774 | Likely Pathogenic | -2.89 | Deleterious | 0.827 | Possibly Damaging | 0.456 | Possibly Damaging | -0.74 | Pathogenic | 0.01 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -1 | -3 | 4.6 | 42.08 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3179G>T | G1060V | Likely Benign | Benign | 1 | 6-33443731-G-T | 1 | 6.22e-7 | -6.966 | Likely Benign | 0.103 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.369 | Likely Benign | -0.73 | Neutral | 0.986 | Probably Damaging | 0.728 | Possibly Damaging | 2.63 | Benign | 0.33 | Tolerated | 4.32 | 2 | -1 | -3 | 4.6 | 42.08 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3377G>T | G1126V | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443929-G-T | -6.536 | Likely Benign | 0.089 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.357 | Likely Benign | -1.20 | Neutral | 0.009 | Benign | 0.008 | Benign | 4.76 | Benign | 0.03 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -1 | -3 | 4.6 | 42.08 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3380G>T | G1127V | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443932-G-T | 1 | 6.69e-7 | -6.097 | Likely Benign | 0.094 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.230 | Likely Benign | -1.01 | Neutral | 0.004 | Benign | 0.005 | Benign | 4.81 | Benign | 0.17 | Tolerated | 4.32 | 4 | -1 | -3 | 4.6 | 42.08 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1205T>G | L402R (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | C2 | Likely Pathogenic | 1 | -13.800 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.997 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.522 | Likely Pathogenic | 4.10 | Destabilizing | 0.2 | 3.82 | Destabilizing | 3.96 | Destabilizing | 2.24 | Destabilizing | -4.69 | Deleterious | 0.967 | Probably Damaging | 0.459 | Possibly Damaging | 3.69 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.38 | 28 | -3 | -2 | -8.3 | 43.03 | 259.5 | -55.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.0 | X | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The iso-butyl side chain of Leu402, located in an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Ala399-Ile411), packs with residues inside the hydrophobic core of the C2 domain (e.g., Ile268, Ala404, Leu266, Val400). In the variant simulations, the positively charged guanidinium group of the Arg402 side chain is not suitable for the hydrophobic niche. Consequently, the side chain moves outward from the hydrophobic C2 domain core and stacks with the phenol ring of Tyr363 or forms H-bonds with the carboxamide group of the Gln361 side chain in the β sheet strand (res. Thr359-Tyr364). This movement induces extensive negative effects on the C2 domain structure. | |||||||||
| c.1481T>G | I494R (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Likely Pathogenic | 1 | -15.758 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.995 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.911 | Likely Pathogenic | 6.71 | Destabilizing | 0.3 | 3.40 | Destabilizing | 5.06 | Destabilizing | 2.19 | Destabilizing | -6.43 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.957 | Probably Damaging | -1.41 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.37 | 35 | -2 | -3 | -9.0 | 43.03 | 273.9 | -59.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | X | X | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The sec-butyl side chain of Ile494, located in an α-helix (res. Leu489-Glu519), packs against hydrophobic residues (e.g., Phe484, Leu465, Trp572, Ala493, Met468) in an inter-helix space (res. Leu489-Glu519 and res. Ala461-Phe476). In the variant simulations, the bulkier and positively charged residue, Arg494, weakens the integrity of the opposing helix. Additionally, the bulkier Arg494 stacks with Phe484, causing the α-helices to move farther apart to accommodate it. This mutation could have substantial negative effects due to the fundamental role of hydrophobic packing, which is disrupted by Arg494 during protein folding. | ||||||||
| c.2243T>G | L748R | Likely Benign | Conflicting | 2 | 6-33441708-T-G | 3 | 1.86e-6 | -3.331 | Likely Benign | 0.245 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.055 | Likely Benign | -0.67 | Neutral | 0.912 | Possibly Damaging | 0.448 | Possibly Damaging | 2.73 | Benign | 0.02 | Affected | 4.32 | 2 | -3 | -2 | -8.3 | 43.03 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.968T>G | L323R (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | C2 | Likely Pathogenic | 1 | -14.568 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.997 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.692 | Likely Pathogenic | 3.75 | Destabilizing | 0.4 | 4.47 | Destabilizing | 4.11 | Destabilizing | 2.15 | Destabilizing | -4.70 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.969 | Probably Damaging | 0.59 | Pathogenic | 0.01 | Affected | 3.39 | 22 | -3 | -2 | -8.3 | 43.03 | 261.8 | -61.6 | -0.4 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.2 | X | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The iso-butyl side chain of Leu323, located at the beginning of an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Ala322-Asp330), packs against multiple hydrophobic leucine residues (e.g., Leu264, Leu266, Leu284, Leu286). In contrast, in the variant simulations, the positively charged guanidinium group of the Arg323 side chain is unsuitable for the hydrophobic niche. Consequently, the side chain either rotates away from the center of the C2 domain or, if it remains within the C2 domain core, it reorients nearby residues to form hydrogen bonds. Regardless, the residue swap extensively disrupts the C2 domain structure. | |||||||||
| c.1406C>A | A469D (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | -14.643 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.999 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.738 | Likely Pathogenic | 5.09 | Destabilizing | 0.2 | 4.16 | Destabilizing | 4.63 | Destabilizing | 1.68 | Destabilizing | -3.48 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.996 | Probably Damaging | -1.34 | Pathogenic | 0.21 | Tolerated | 3.37 | 34 | 0 | -2 | -5.3 | 44.01 | 237.0 | -58.2 | -0.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The methyl group of Ala469, located in an α helix (res. Ala461–Phe476), interacts with hydrophobic residues (e.g., Trp572, Leu588, Met470) in an inter-helix space formed by two other α helices (res. Glu582–Ser604, res. Arg563–Gly580). In the variant simulations, Asp469 introduces a negatively charged and bulky side chain into the hydrophobic niche. Consequently, the side chain of Asp469 rotates outward, allowing the carboxylate group to form a salt bridge with the guanidinium group of Arg575 on the protein surface. This interaction affects the continuity of the parent α helix (Ala461–Phe476). Due to the importance of hydrophobic packing, the structural effects could be more pronounced during actual protein folding. | ||||||||||
| c.812C>A | A271D (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | C2 | Pathogenic | 1 | -18.590 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.999 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.706 | Likely Pathogenic | 4.71 | Destabilizing | 0.4 | 2.67 | Destabilizing | 3.69 | Destabilizing | 1.59 | Destabilizing | -5.52 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.62 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.38 | 19 | 0 | -2 | -5.3 | 44.01 | 226.2 | -63.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.1 | X | X | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The methyl group of Ala271, located near the end of an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Arg259-Arg272), packs against multiple hydrophobic residues such as Val400, Val306, and Leu274 in the WT simulations. In the variant simulations, the carboxylate group of Asp271 is not suitable for the hydrophobic niche, causing the hydrophobic residues to make room for the swapped residue. Additionally, the carboxylate group of the Asp271 side chain forms hydrogen bonds with the backbone amide groups of Arg272 and Ala399 in the β sheet, or even forms a salt bridge with the amino group of the Lys394 side chain. This directly affects the integrity of the anti-parallel β sheet at the end. In short, the residue swap disrupts the C2 domain packing during folding, which could weaken the stability of the SynGAP-membrane association. | ||||||||
| c.1126G>T | G376C | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | -7.686 | In-Between | 0.125 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.560 | Likely Pathogenic | 2.56 | Destabilizing | 0.5 | 0.22 | Likely Benign | 1.39 | Ambiguous | 0.16 | Likely Benign | -1.15 | Neutral | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 1.32 | Pathogenic | 0.01 | Affected | -3 | -3 | 2.9 | 46.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3151G>T | G1051C | Likely Pathogenic | 1 | -9.050 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.122 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.497 | Likely Benign | -0.90 | Neutral | 0.971 | Probably Damaging | 0.750 | Possibly Damaging | -0.74 | Pathogenic | 0.10 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | -3 | -3 | 2.9 | 46.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3181G>T | G1061C | Likely Benign | Conflicting | 2 | 6-33443733-G-T | 6 | 3.73e-6 | -9.511 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.119 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.409 | Likely Benign | -1.46 | Neutral | 0.938 | Possibly Damaging | 0.665 | Possibly Damaging | 3.97 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 2 | -3 | -3 | 2.9 | 46.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3376G>T | G1126C | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443928-G-T | 11 | 7.35e-6 | -9.389 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.113 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.449 | Likely Benign | -1.40 | Neutral | 0.005 | Benign | 0.005 | Benign | 4.74 | Benign | 0.02 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -3 | -3 | 2.9 | 46.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1354G>T | V452F (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | -14.769 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.975 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.511 | Likely Pathogenic | 9.21 | Destabilizing | 0.1 | 0.37 | Likely Benign | 4.79 | Destabilizing | 0.61 | Ambiguous | -4.94 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.993 | Probably Damaging | 3.29 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.37 | 34 | -1 | -1 | -1.4 | 48.04 | 249.4 | -35.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The iso-propyl side chain of Val452, located in the middle of an α helix (res. Val441-Ser457), packs against hydrophobic residues in the inter-helix space at the intersection of three α helices (e.g., Leu500, His453, Leu465). In the variant simulations, the larger side chain of Phe452 cannot pack against the opposing α helix (res. Leu489-Glu519) as efficiently as valine. Due to space restrictions, the phenol ring adjusts to make room by rotating slightly sideways in the inter-helix space. Besides this small and local shift, no large-scale effects on the protein structure are seen based on the simulations. However, the size difference between the swapped residues could affect the protein folding process. | |||||||||||
| c.1579G>T | D527Y (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | -15.386 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.978 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.905 | Likely Pathogenic | -0.77 | Ambiguous | 0.2 | 1.89 | Ambiguous | 0.56 | Ambiguous | -0.14 | Likely Benign | -8.79 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | -2.41 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.37 | 35 | -4 | -3 | 2.2 | 48.09 | 270.9 | -45.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | -0.1 | 0.0 | X | Potentially Pathogenic | Asp527 is located on an α-α loop between the two α-helices (res. Gly502-Tyr518 and Ala533-Val560). In the WT simulations, the carboxylate group of the Asp527 side chain forms hydrogen bonds with the backbone atoms of loop residues (e.g., Ile529, Lys530) facing the membrane surface. In the variant simulations, Tyr527 is a bulkier residue that faces away from the loop and stacks with Phe646 in a nearby α-helix (res. Ser614-Ser668). Regardless, no negative structural effects are observed during the variant simulations. However, due to its location near the SynGAP-membrane interface, the effect of the residue swap cannot be fully addressed using the SynGAP solvent-only simulations. | |||||||||||
| c.2302G>T | D768Y | Likely Pathogenic | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33442460-G-T | -9.866 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.824 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.234 | Likely Benign | -2.86 | Deleterious | 0.989 | Probably Damaging | 0.806 | Possibly Damaging | 4.01 | Benign | 0.07 | Tolerated | 3.64 | 6 | -4 | -3 | 2.2 | 48.09 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.859G>T | D287Y (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | C2 | Likely Pathogenic | 1 | -12.877 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.999 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.663 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.21 | Likely Benign | 0.2 | 0.48 | Likely Benign | 0.35 | Likely Benign | 0.27 | Likely Benign | -8.27 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 1.51 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.38 | 23 | -4 | -3 | 2.2 | 48.09 | 257.8 | -44.4 | -0.6 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.3 | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The carboxylate group of Asp287, located at the beginning of a β hairpin loop linking two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Arg279-Leu286, res. Met289-Pro298), maintains a salt bridge with the guanidinium group of Arg324 in the β sheet during the WT simulations. In the variant simulations, the phenol group of the Tyr287 side chain is unable to form a salt bridge with the guanidinium group of Arg324, which could weaken the tertiary structure assembly of the C2 domain. However, the phenol group of Tyr287 frequently stacks with the Arg324 guanidinium side chain, which could help maintain the tertiary structure, especially compared to the D287H variant. The destabilization of the C2 domain could adversely affect the stability of the SynGAP-membrane association. | ||||||||||
| c.1726T>C | C576R (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Conflicting | 2 | -14.886 | Likely Pathogenic | 1.000 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.579 | Likely Pathogenic | 7.20 | Destabilizing | 1.0 | 4.09 | Destabilizing | 5.65 | Destabilizing | 1.64 | Destabilizing | -10.88 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.996 | Probably Damaging | 3.38 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.37 | 35 | -3 | -4 | -7.0 | 53.05 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1639T>C | C547R (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | -16.967 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.999 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.900 | Likely Pathogenic | 7.76 | Destabilizing | 0.8 | 5.83 | Destabilizing | 6.80 | Destabilizing | 1.69 | Destabilizing | -11.60 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.998 | Probably Damaging | -1.33 | Pathogenic | 0.02 | Affected | 3.37 | 35 | -4 | -3 | -7.0 | 53.05 | 267.4 | -90.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.1 | X | X | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | Cys547 is located in an α-helix (res. Ala533-Val560). The thiol side chain of Cys is situated in a hydrophobic inter-helix space, where it packs hydrophobically with other residues such as Ile626, Leu551, and Phe652. Additionally, the thiol side chain of Cys547 weakly hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl group of Leu543 in the same α-helix. In the variant simulations, the bulkier, positively charged guanidinium group of Arg547 must rotate out of the hydrophobic space. Consequently, it forms ionic interactions with the carboxylate groups of Glu548 in the same helix and Glu656 in the neighboring α-helix (res. Glu666-Asp644). This causes the two helices to slightly separate, significantly affecting the secondary structure integrity of the latter helix. These negative structural effects could be more pronounced during protein folding and are likely to be undermined in the MD simulations. | ||||||||
| c.844T>C | C282R (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | C2 | Pathogenic | 2 | -16.378 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.999 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.466 | Likely Benign | 3.13 | Destabilizing | 0.6 | 1.58 | Ambiguous | 2.36 | Destabilizing | 1.70 | Destabilizing | -11.03 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.998 | Probably Damaging | 1.63 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.39 | 18 | -4 | -3 | -7.0 | 53.05 | 297.4 | -98.2 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.0 | X | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The thiol-containing side chain of Cys282, located at the beginning of an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Arg279-Leu286), is packed against multiple hydrophobic residues (e.g., Ile268, Leu284, Trp308, Leu327). In the variant simulations, the bulky side chain of Arg282 with its positively charged guanidinium group is not suitable for this hydrophobic niche. Consequently, the hydrophobic residues must either make room to accommodate Arg282 or it must escape the hydrophobic C2 domain core.As a result, new hydrogen bonds are formed with the backbone carbonyl groups of the surrounding β sheet residues Ala399, Leu325, and His326, which decreases the unity of the secondary structure elements. Notably, it is likely that the residue swap causes major problems during the C2 domain folding that are not visible in the variant simulations. In fact, even increased lability in the C2 domain could adversely affect the establishment of a stable SynGAP-membrane association. | |||||||||
| c.2635_2636delinsAA | A879K | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 1 | -5.877 | Likely Benign | 0.757 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | -0.71 | Neutral | 0.969 | Probably Damaging | 0.593 | Possibly Damaging | 2.69 | Benign | 0.21 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | -1 | -1 | -5.7 | 57.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1349C>A | A450E (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | -16.578 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.989 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.653 | Likely Pathogenic | 3.86 | Destabilizing | 0.2 | 5.23 | Destabilizing | 4.55 | Destabilizing | 1.59 | Destabilizing | -4.67 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.992 | Probably Damaging | 3.38 | Benign | 0.07 | Tolerated | 3.37 | 32 | 0 | -1 | -5.3 | 58.04 | 240.1 | -82.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The methyl group of Ala450, located in an α helix (res. Asn440-Thr458), packs against hydrophobic residues in the inter-helix space (e.g., Leu692). In the variant simulations, the carboxylate group of the Glu450 side chain rotates outward, away from the hydrophobic niche, where it does not form any lasting salt bridges or H-bonds. Although the residue swap does not negatively affect the protein structure based on the simulations, it is possible that the introduction of the negatively charged residue adversely affects the folding process or tertiary assembly. | ||||||||||
| c.1505G>A | G502D (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | -14.796 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.994 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.915 | Likely Pathogenic | 3.79 | Destabilizing | 0.9 | 5.69 | Destabilizing | 4.74 | Destabilizing | 1.38 | Destabilizing | -6.80 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.977 | Probably Damaging | -1.66 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.37 | 35 | 1 | -1 | -3.1 | 58.04 | 224.2 | -80.0 | -0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 | X | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | Gly502 is located in a hinge in the middle of an α-helix (res. Leu489-Glu519). In the WT, Gly502 acts as an α-helix breaker due to its lack of a side chain, facilitating a bend in the middle of the α-helix. In the variant simulations, the carboxylate group of Asp502 forms hydrogen bonds with neighboring residues (e.g., Ser677, Lys504), disrupting the hinge. Additionally, Asp502 struggles to fit into the α-helix hinge and cannot generate a similar bend as Gly502, which would drastically affect the secondary structure during folding. Thus, the deleterious effect seen in the simulations is likely an underestimate of the impact of the residue swap on the protein structure during protein folding. | |||||||||
| c.1973G>A | G658D (3D Viewer) | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33441232-G-A | 3 | 1.86e-6 | -7.786 | In-Between | 0.442 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.144 | Likely Benign | -0.40 | Likely Benign | 0.1 | -0.59 | Ambiguous | -0.50 | Ambiguous | 0.46 | Likely Benign | -2.64 | Deleterious | 0.008 | Benign | 0.005 | Benign | 3.53 | Benign | 0.38 | Tolerated | 3.39 | 24 | 1 | -1 | -3.1 | 58.04 | 219.8 | -84.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | X | Potentially Pathogenic | Gly658, located on the outer surface of an α helix (res. Ser641-Glu666), weakens the helix integrity at that spot, which is necessary for the kink in the middle of the long helix. In the variant simulations, the carboxylic acid side chain of Asp658 is on the surface of the α helix and is not involved in any interactions. However, aspartate is not as effective a breaker of the secondary structure element as glycine, which may lead to misfolding. | |||||||||
| c.1802C>A | A601E (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Conflicting | 2 | -16.752 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.992 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.588 | Likely Pathogenic | 6.68 | Destabilizing | 0.8 | 5.76 | Destabilizing | 6.22 | Destabilizing | 1.24 | Destabilizing | -4.98 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 2.54 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.37 | 35 | 0 | -1 | -5.3 | 58.04 | 240.0 | -82.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | X | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The methyl side chain of Ala601, located on an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603), packs hydrophobically against other hydrophobic residues in the inter-helix space (e.g., Phe597, Leu598, Leu506, Phe608).In the variant simulations, the carboxylate group of Glu601 faces the inter-helix space and is forced to shift slightly away from the hydrophobic niche. Additionally, in two of the simulations, Glu601 forms a salt bridge with Arg499, causing the otherwise stable salt bridge between Arg499 and Glu496 at the outer surface of an α helix (res. Leu489-Glu519) to break due to the residue swap.These effects suggest that the protein folding process could be seriously affected. Moreover, due to its location at the GAP-Ras interface, it could also impact the complex formation with the GTPase. | |||||||||
| c.2405G>A | G802D | Likely Benign | SH3-binding motif | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33442957-G-A | 1 | 6.20e-7 | -5.083 | Likely Benign | 0.476 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.153 | Likely Benign | -0.38 | Neutral | 0.126 | Benign | 0.138 | Benign | 2.72 | Benign | 0.09 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | -1 | -3.1 | 58.04 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3152G>A | G1051D | Benign | 1 | 6-33443704-G-A | 2 | 1.24e-6 | -9.379 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.311 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.445 | Likely Benign | -0.31 | Neutral | 0.761 | Possibly Damaging | 0.239 | Benign | -0.74 | Pathogenic | 0.39 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | -1 | 1 | -3.1 | 58.04 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3161G>A | G1054D | Uncertain | 1 | -10.385 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.351 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.279 | Likely Benign | -0.26 | Neutral | 0.818 | Possibly Damaging | 0.266 | Benign | 4.07 | Benign | 0.37 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | -1 | -3.1 | 58.04 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3338G>A | G1113D | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443890-G-A | -4.638 | Likely Benign | 0.354 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.061 | Likely Benign | -0.72 | Neutral | 0.029 | Benign | 0.017 | Benign | 2.58 | Benign | 0.34 | Tolerated | 4.32 | 2 | -1 | 1 | -3.1 | 58.04 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3368G>A | G1123D | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443920-G-A | 2 | 1.33e-6 | -10.321 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.405 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.360 | Likely Benign | -0.78 | Neutral | 0.500 | Possibly Damaging | 0.157 | Benign | 4.34 | Benign | 0.19 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | -1 | -3.1 | 58.04 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3377G>A | G1126D | Uncertain | 1 | -8.888 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.432 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.376 | Likely Benign | -0.65 | Neutral | 0.906 | Possibly Damaging | 0.473 | Possibly Damaging | 4.82 | Benign | 0.02 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 1 | -1 | -3.1 | 58.04 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1814C>G | P605R (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | -13.745 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.996 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.845 | Likely Pathogenic | 8.71 | Destabilizing | 2.5 | 6.46 | Destabilizing | 7.59 | Destabilizing | 0.92 | Ambiguous | -8.95 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.69 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.37 | 35 | 0 | -2 | -2.9 | 59.07 | 281.7 | -118.1 | -0.2 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.1 | X | X | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | Pro605 is located in a short turn between an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603) and a short α helical section (res. Ser606-Phe608). The pyrrolidine side chain of Pro605 packs hydrophobically with nearby hydrophobic residues (e.g., Ile514, Leu623, Leu610) in the inter-helix space. Additionally, proline lacks a free backbone amide group, which breaks the α helix and facilitates the turn in the WT structure.In the variant simulations, the guanidinium side chain of Arg605 is bulkier than proline, and its positively charged guanidinium group faces mostly hydrophobic residues (e.g., Ile514, Leu623, Leu610). As a result, it needs to rotate away from the hydrophobic niche. The residue swap could have a more profound effect on the actual folding process, for example, by preventing the bending at the α helix end.Moreover, due to its location at the GAP-Ras interface, the residue swap could affect the GAP-Ras association. | ||||||||
| c.2750C>G | P917R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443302-C-G | 5 | 3.10e-6 | -4.475 | Likely Benign | 0.363 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.142 | Likely Benign | -1.70 | Neutral | 0.642 | Possibly Damaging | 0.316 | Benign | 2.68 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -2 | 0 | -2.9 | 59.07 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.2987C>G | P996R | Likely Benign | Benign | 1 | -4.457 | Likely Benign | 0.141 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.040 | Likely Benign | -1.04 | Neutral | 0.144 | Benign | 0.085 | Benign | 4.26 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 4.32 | 4 | -2 | 0 | -2.9 | 59.07 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3902C>G | P1301R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33451776-C-G | 15 | 9.30e-6 | -4.753 | Likely Benign | 0.162 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.076 | Likely Benign | -1.13 | Neutral | 0.077 | Benign | 0.059 | Benign | 2.81 | Benign | 0.10 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 0 | -2 | -2.9 | 59.07 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3977C>G | P1326R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -5.097 | Likely Benign | 0.240 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.133 | Likely Benign | -0.82 | Neutral | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.994 | Probably Damaging | 3.62 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 0 | -2 | -2.9 | 59.07 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.59C>G | P20R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -3.548 | Likely Benign | 0.434 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.146 | Likely Benign | -0.15 | Neutral | 0.972 | Probably Damaging | 0.804 | Possibly Damaging | 4.33 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 1 | 0 | -2 | -2.9 | 59.07 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1640G>A | C547Y (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Pathogenic | 1 | -15.871 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.999 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.874 | Likely Pathogenic | 8.53 | Destabilizing | 1.8 | 6.20 | Destabilizing | 7.37 | Destabilizing | 0.62 | Ambiguous | -10.57 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.998 | Probably Damaging | -1.33 | Pathogenic | 0.06 | Tolerated | 3.37 | 35 | 0 | -2 | -3.8 | 60.04 | 280.1 | -54.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | X | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | Cys547 is located in an α-helix (res. Ala533-Val560). The thiol side chain of Cys547 is situated in a hydrophobic inter-helix space, where it packs hydrophobically with other residues such as Ile626, Leu551, and Phe652. Additionally, the thiol side chain of Cys weakly hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl group of Leu543 in the same α-helix. In the variant simulations, the bulkier phenol ring of Tyr547, with its polar hydroxyl group, is less suited for the hydrophobic space. Consequently, it moves outside and forms a hydrogen bond with the carbonyl group of Phe652 in the neighboring α-helix (res. Glu666-Asp644). This causes the two helices to slightly separate, negatively affecting the secondary structure integrity of the latter helix. These negative structural effects could be more pronounced during protein folding and are likely to be undermined in the MD simulations. | |||||||||
| c.1559C>T | S520F (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | -12.541 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.999 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.833 | Likely Pathogenic | -1.20 | Ambiguous | 0.4 | 0.39 | Likely Benign | -0.41 | Likely Benign | 0.25 | Likely Benign | -5.57 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.996 | Probably Damaging | -1.36 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.37 | 35 | -2 | -3 | 3.6 | 60.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1976C>T | S659F (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | -10.925 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.662 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.194 | Likely Benign | -0.81 | Ambiguous | 0.1 | -0.25 | Likely Benign | -0.53 | Ambiguous | 0.32 | Likely Benign | -4.59 | Deleterious | 0.806 | Possibly Damaging | 0.171 | Benign | 3.39 | Benign | 0.05 | Affected | 3.38 | 28 | -3 | -2 | 3.6 | 60.10 | 221.3 | -61.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.4 | X | Potentially Benign | In the WT simulations, the hydroxyl group of Ser659, located in a kink in the middle of the long α-helix (res. Ser641-Glu666), forms a hydrogen bond with the carboxylate group of Glu656. However, the phenol ring of the Phe659 side chain cannot form a similar hydrogen bond. Instead, it interacts with the hydrophobic isopropyl side chain of Val555 from the opposing α-helix (res. Ala533-Val560). This residue swap may therefore cause issues during protein folding. | |||||||||||
| c.2003C>T | S668F (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Likely Pathogenic | 1 | -15.047 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.999 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.643 | Likely Pathogenic | 16.72 | Destabilizing | 5.0 | 11.07 | Destabilizing | 13.90 | Destabilizing | 0.00 | Likely Benign | -5.98 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.935 | Probably Damaging | 3.18 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.38 | 28 | -3 | -2 | 3.6 | 60.10 | 250.9 | -59.6 | -0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | X | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | In the WT simulations, the hydroxyl side chain of Ser668, located on an α-α loop connecting the two α-helices (res. Ser641-Glu666 and res. Leu685-Val699), forms hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of Leu664, Tyr665, and Glu666, as well as the guanidinium group of Arg573 on a nearby α-helix (res. Arg563-Glu578). In the variant simulations, the side chain of Phe668 cannot maintain the same hydrogen-bond network. Due to its larger size, it moves away to avoid steric hindrance. In the WT simulations, a network of hydrogen bonds between several residues (e.g., Asn669, Lys566, and Glu666) keeps both α-helices and the proceeding loop (res. Asn669-Asp684) tightly connected, but this setup is not present in the variant simulations. Additionally, in the variant simulations, the side chain of Arg573 shifts to form a more stable salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu582 instead of hydrogen bonding with Ser668 as in the WT simulations. | |||||||||
| c.2864C>T | S955F | Conflicting | 4 | 6-33443416-C-T | 95 | 5.89e-5 | -7.374 | In-Between | 0.176 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.093 | Likely Benign | -1.73 | Neutral | 0.977 | Probably Damaging | 0.721 | Possibly Damaging | 2.32 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -3 | -2 | 3.6 | 60.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3260C>T | S1087F | Uncertain | 1 | -3.843 | Likely Benign | 0.497 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.105 | Likely Benign | -2.75 | Deleterious | 0.990 | Probably Damaging | 0.796 | Possibly Damaging | 2.56 | Benign | 0.03 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -2 | -3 | 3.6 | 60.10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3635C>T | S1212F | Likely Pathogenic | Coiled-coil | Conflicting | 2 | -14.445 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.997 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.271 | Likely Benign | -4.52 | Deleterious | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.998 | Probably Damaging | 2.03 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -3 | -2 | 3.6 | 60.10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.50C>T | S17F | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33420314-C-T | 10 | 6.49e-6 | -3.888 | Likely Benign | 0.637 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.048 | Likely Benign | -0.99 | Neutral | 0.486 | Possibly Damaging | 0.032 | Benign | 3.99 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 1 | -2 | -3 | 3.6 | 60.10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.899C>T | S300F (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | -10.222 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.353 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.117 | Likely Benign | -0.29 | Likely Benign | 0.4 | 0.16 | Likely Benign | -0.07 | Likely Benign | 0.04 | Likely Benign | -2.66 | Deleterious | 0.975 | Probably Damaging | 0.596 | Possibly Damaging | 1.52 | Pathogenic | 0.01 | Affected | 3.47 | 19 | -3 | -2 | 3.6 | 60.10 | 233.6 | -67.6 | -0.1 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.2 | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The hydroxyl group of the Ser300 side chain, located in a β hairpin loop linking two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Met289-Pro298, res. Thr305-Asn315), hydrogen bonds with the guanidinium group of Arg299 and the backbone amide group and side chain of Ser302. Thus, in the WT simulations, it contributes to the β hairpin stability. In the variant simulations, the phenol ring of Phe300 cannot form any side chain-related hydrogen bonds, and Arg299 is moved away from its central hairpin loop position.β hairpins are potential nucleation sites during the initial stages of protein folding, so even minor changes in them could be significant. Due to its location near the membrane surface, the residue swap could also affect the C2 loop dynamics and SynGAP-membrane association. However, this is beyond the scope of the solvent-only simulations to unravel. | ||||||||||
| c.2214T>G | S738R | Likely Benign | Benign | 1 | 6-33441679-T-G | 1 | 6.20e-7 | -4.241 | Likely Benign | 0.570 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.068 | Likely Benign | -1.55 | Neutral | 0.473 | Possibly Damaging | 0.193 | Benign | 2.69 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 4.32 | 2 | 0 | -1 | -3.7 | 69.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.2619C>G | S873R | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443171-C-G | 1 | 6.20e-7 | -5.856 | Likely Benign | 0.976 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.192 | Likely Benign | -2.74 | Deleterious | 0.997 | Probably Damaging | 0.995 | Probably Damaging | 2.67 | Benign | 0.06 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | 0 | -1 | -3.7 | 69.11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3009C>G | S1003R | Uncertain | 1 | -5.113 | Likely Benign | 0.991 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.141 | Likely Benign | -1.88 | Neutral | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.996 | Probably Damaging | 2.48 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 0 | -1 | -3.7 | 69.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3237C>A | S1079R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443789-C-A | 4 | 2.51e-6 | -4.579 | Likely Benign | 0.955 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.123 | Likely Benign | -1.81 | Neutral | 0.177 | Benign | 0.075 | Benign | 3.86 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 0 | -1 | -3.7 | 69.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3237C>G | S1079R | Likely Benign | Benign | 1 | -4.579 | Likely Benign | 0.955 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.124 | Likely Benign | -1.81 | Neutral | 0.177 | Benign | 0.075 | Benign | 3.86 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | 0 | -1 | -3.7 | 69.11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3354C>A | S1118R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -2.670 | Likely Benign | 0.553 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.166 | Likely Benign | -0.74 | Neutral | 0.034 | Benign | 0.023 | Benign | 5.17 | Benign | 0.05 | Affected | 4.32 | 2 | -1 | 0 | -3.7 | 69.11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.36C>G | S12R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33420300-C-G | 4 | 2.59e-6 | -4.033 | Likely Benign | 0.500 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.097 | Likely Benign | -0.30 | Neutral | 0.000 | Benign | 0.000 | Benign | 4.09 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 1 | 0 | -1 | -3.7 | 69.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.526A>C | S176R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -6.492 | Likely Benign | 0.987 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.247 | Likely Benign | 0.94 | Neutral | 0.718 | Possibly Damaging | 0.168 | Benign | 4.16 | Benign | 0.87 | Tolerated | 0 | -1 | -3.7 | 69.11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1118G>A | G373E (3D Viewer)  | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | -7.281 | In-Between | 0.569 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.420 | Likely Benign | 4.13 | Destabilizing | 3.2 | 0.52 | Ambiguous | 2.33 | Destabilizing | -0.02 | Likely Benign | -0.69 | Neutral | 0.001 | Benign | 0.000 | Benign | 3.90 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 0 | -2 | -3.1 | 72.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1157G>A | G386E (3D Viewer) | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33438062-G-A | -9.286 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.686 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.447 | Likely Benign | 3.69 | Destabilizing | 2.9 | 0.79 | Ambiguous | 2.24 | Destabilizing | 0.54 | Ambiguous | -0.83 | Neutral | 0.860 | Possibly Damaging | 0.354 | Benign | 3.93 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 4.32 | 3 | -2 | 0 | -3.1 | 72.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1169G>A | G390E (3D Viewer) | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | -7.913 | In-Between | 0.646 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.575 | Likely Pathogenic | 2.61 | Destabilizing | 0.9 | 4.28 | Destabilizing | 3.45 | Destabilizing | 0.47 | Likely Benign | -0.87 | Neutral | 0.276 | Benign | 0.045 | Benign | 1.32 | Pathogenic | 0.05 | Affected | 4.32 | 8 | 0 | -2 | -3.1 | 72.06 | 241.5 | -108.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | -0.1 | 0.1 | Uncertain | Gly390 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364 and res. Ala399-Ile411). The Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, and it is observed to move arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. This loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play significant roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and so they are rich in glycine residues, prolines, and to a lesser extent, small hydrophilic residues to ensure maximum flexibility. Thus, the variant’s Glu390 may not be as well tolerated in the Ω loop. Additionally, the carboxylate group of Glu390 occasionally forms H-bonds with other loop residues in the variant simulations. The interaction between the acidic carboxylate side chain and the acidic membrane lipids may further influence the SynGAP-membrane complex. However, since the effects on the Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be well studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn. | |||||||||||||
| c.2249G>A | G750E | Uncertain | 1 | -2.618 | Likely Benign | 0.413 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.146 | Likely Benign | -2.27 | Neutral | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.982 | Probably Damaging | 2.49 | Pathogenic | 0.01 | Affected | 3.99 | 5 | 0 | -2 | -3.1 | 72.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.2681G>A | G894E | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443233-G-A | 6 | 3.72e-6 | -5.377 | Likely Benign | 0.859 | Likely Pathogenic | Ambiguous | 0.180 | Likely Benign | -2.07 | Neutral | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 2.68 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 4.32 | 4 | 0 | -2 | -3.1 | 72.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.2837G>A | G946E | Likely Benign | Benign | 3 | 6-33443389-G-A | 13 | 8.05e-6 | -8.793 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.257 | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 0.341 | Likely Benign | -0.51 | Neutral | 0.818 | Possibly Damaging | 0.355 | Benign | 4.58 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 4 | 0 | -2 | -3.1 | 72.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.680G>A | G227E (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | PH | Conflicting | 2 | 6-33435531-G-A | 3 | 1.86e-6 | -9.186 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.996 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.792 | Likely Pathogenic | 2.56 | Destabilizing | 0.4 | 5.36 | Destabilizing | 3.96 | Destabilizing | 0.94 | Ambiguous | -6.49 | Deleterious | 0.906 | Possibly Damaging | 0.360 | Benign | 5.72 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 3.43 | 12 | 0 | -2 | -3.1 | 72.06 | 237.7 | -112.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.3 | X | X | Uncertain | The introduced residue Glu227 is located in a β hairpin loop connecting two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Cys219-Thr224 and Thr228-Ala232). In the variant simulations, the carboxylate group of Glu227 frequently forms a salt bridge with the amino group of the neighboring residue Lys229. Despite this interaction, the integrity of the secondary structure element is not compromised. However, the β hairpins are potential nucleation sites during the initial stages of protein folding. Additionally, since the model ends abruptly at the N-terminus, no definite conclusions can be drawn from the simulations. | |||||||
| c.1304T>G | L435W (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Uncertain | 1 | -14.889 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.992 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.572 | Likely Pathogenic | 2.11 | Destabilizing | 0.1 | 0.69 | Ambiguous | 1.40 | Ambiguous | 1.66 | Destabilizing | -5.63 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 0.998 | Probably Damaging | 3.15 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.37 | 29 | -2 | -2 | -4.7 | 73.05 | 242.2 | -25.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | X | Potentially Pathogenic | The iso-butyl side chain of Leu435, located in an α helix (res. Met414-Glu436), packs against other hydrophobic residues in an interhelix space (e.g., Val699, Val447, Leu489, Leu439) in the WT simulations. In the variant simulations, the indole ring of Trp435 fits into the same niche despite its considerably bulkier size. Additionally, the side chain forms an H-bond with the backbone carbonyl of Leu696 in an α helix (res. Asp684-Gln702). Although no apparent negative changes are observed during the variant simulation, the size difference between the swapped residues could affect the protein folding process. | |||||||||||
| c.1121C>A | S374Y (3D Viewer)  | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | -7.774 | In-Between | 0.344 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.310 | Likely Benign | 0.71 | Ambiguous | 1.2 | 0.66 | Ambiguous | 0.69 | Ambiguous | -0.02 | Likely Benign | -1.18 | Neutral | 0.875 | Possibly Damaging | 0.271 | Benign | 5.41 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 4.32 | 13 | -3 | -2 | -0.5 | 76.10 | 237.3 | -76.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | Uncertain | Ser374 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364, res. Ala399-Ile411). Because the Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, it moves arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. The Ω loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play major roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus, large and relatively hydrophobic residues like tyrosine are rarely tolerated. Additionally, the hydroxyl group of Tyr374 frequently forms various hydrogen bonds with other loop residues in the variant simulations. Although no negative structural effects are observed in the variant simulations, Tyr374 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. However, since the effect on Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn. | |||||||||||||
| c.2525C>A | S842Y | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 1 | -16.124 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.995 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.191 | Likely Benign | -4.28 | Deleterious | 0.944 | Possibly Damaging | 0.676 | Possibly Damaging | 1.97 | Pathogenic | 0.00 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -3 | -2 | -0.5 | 76.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3395C>A | S1132Y | Likely Benign | Likely Benign | 1 | -5.894 | Likely Benign | 0.392 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.401 | Likely Benign | -1.76 | Neutral | 0.500 | Possibly Damaging | 0.208 | Benign | 5.40 | Benign | 0.09 | Tolerated | 4.32 | 4 | -3 | -2 | -0.5 | 76.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3413C>A | S1138Y | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33444448-C-A | 3 | 1.86e-6 | -6.610 | Likely Benign | 0.449 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.391 | Likely Benign | -2.51 | Deleterious | 0.997 | Probably Damaging | 0.996 | Probably Damaging | 5.41 | Benign | 0.05 | Affected | 4.32 | 4 | -2 | -3 | -0.5 | 76.10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1136C>G | S379W (3D Viewer)  | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33438041-C-G | -8.898 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.388 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.520 | Likely Pathogenic | 4.32 | Destabilizing | 3.4 | 3.56 | Destabilizing | 3.94 | Destabilizing | 0.16 | Likely Benign | -1.02 | Neutral | 0.998 | Probably Damaging | 0.844 | Possibly Damaging | 3.82 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 4.32 | 11 | -2 | -3 | -0.1 | 99.14 | 271.3 | -75.7 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 | Uncertain | Ser379 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364, res. Ala399-Ile411). Because the Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, it moves arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. The Ω loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play major roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like tryptophan are rarely tolerated. Although no major negative structural effects are observed in the variant simulations, Trp379 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. However, since the effect on Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn | ||||||||||||
| c.1154C>G | S385W (3D Viewer) | C2 | Benign | 1 | 6-33438059-C-G | -9.353 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.362 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.373 | Likely Benign | 0.53 | Ambiguous | 0.2 | 0.69 | Ambiguous | 0.61 | Ambiguous | 0.00 | Likely Benign | -0.84 | Neutral | 0.986 | Probably Damaging | 0.968 | Probably Damaging | 4.63 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 3 | -2 | -3 | -0.1 | 99.14 | 260.4 | -71.2 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | Uncertain | Ser385 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364, res. Ala399-Ile411). Because the Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, it moves arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. The Ω loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play major roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like tryptophan are rarely tolerated. Although no major negative structural effects are observed in the variant simulations, Trp385 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. However, since the effects on Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn. | 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011 | |||||||||||
| c.1531G>A | G511R (3D Viewer)  | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Likely Pathogenic | 1 | -11.327 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.991 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.416 | Likely Benign | 1.94 | Ambiguous | 0.3 | 1.32 | Ambiguous | 1.63 | Ambiguous | 0.94 | Ambiguous | -7.72 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 3.26 | Benign | 0.06 | Tolerated | 3.37 | 35 | -3 | -2 | -4.1 | 99.14 | 279.4 | -159.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | Gly511 is located in an α-helix (res. Gly502-Tyr518), facing hydrophobic residues in an inter-helix space (e.g., Leu610, Ile514) in the WT simulations. In contrast, in the variant simulations, the bulkier and positively charged guanidinium side chain of Arg511 forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu217 or hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl group of Leu610. Although the residue swap introduces a third positively charged residue in close vicinity (Arg511, Lys507, Arg515), the protein structure seems to remain stable in the variant simulations. Importantly, according to ClinVar, the residue swap alters the last nucleotide of an exon and is predicted to destroy the splice donor site, resulting in aberrant splicing and pathogenic status. | 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011 | |||||||||
| c.1531G>C | G511R (3D Viewer) | Likely Pathogenic | GAP | Pathogenic | 1 | -11.327 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.991 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.415 | Likely Benign | 1.94 | Ambiguous | 0.3 | 1.32 | Ambiguous | 1.63 | Ambiguous | 0.94 | Ambiguous | -7.72 | Deleterious | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 1.000 | Probably Damaging | 3.26 | Benign | 0.06 | Tolerated | 3.37 | 35 | -3 | -2 | -4.1 | 99.14 | 279.4 | -159.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.1 | X | X | Potentially Pathogenic | Gly511 is located in an α-helix (res. Gly502-Tyr518), facing hydrophobic residues in an inter-helix space (e.g., Leu610, Ile514) in the WT simulations. In contrast, in the variant simulations, the bulkier and positively charged guanidinium side chain of Arg511 forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu217 or hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl group of Leu610. Although the residue swap introduces a third positively charged residue in close vicinity (Arg511, Lys507, Arg515), the protein structure seems to remain stable in the variant simulations. Importantly, according to ClinVar, the residue swap alters the last nucleotide of an exon and is predicted to destroy the splice donor site, resulting in aberrant splicing and pathogenic status. | 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011 | |||||||||
| c.2548G>A | G850R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -5.082 | Likely Benign | 0.398 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.194 | Likely Benign | -0.07 | Neutral | 0.010 | Benign | 0.010 | Benign | 4.30 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -3 | -2 | -4.1 | 99.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.2557G>C | G853R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -4.749 | Likely Benign | 0.366 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.091 | Likely Benign | -1.27 | Neutral | 0.846 | Possibly Damaging | 0.624 | Possibly Damaging | 4.18 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | -3 | -2 | -4.1 | 99.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.2812G>A | G938R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -5.271 | Likely Benign | 0.732 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.141 | Likely Benign | -1.11 | Neutral | 0.999 | Probably Damaging | 0.985 | Probably Damaging | 2.74 | Benign | 0.36 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | -3 | -2 | -4.1 | 99.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.2818G>C | G940R | Likely Benign | Benign | 1 | 6-33443370-G-C | 5 | 3.10e-6 | -6.169 | Likely Benign | 0.480 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.060 | Likely Benign | 0.02 | Neutral | 0.922 | Possibly Damaging | 0.543 | Possibly Damaging | 2.73 | Benign | 0.15 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | -3 | -2 | -4.1 | 99.14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.2971G>A | G991R | Likely Benign | Conflicting | 3 | 6-33443523-G-A | 8 | 4.96e-6 | -3.934 | Likely Benign | 0.411 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.102 | Likely Benign | -1.20 | Neutral | 0.984 | Probably Damaging | 0.772 | Possibly Damaging | 4.11 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 4.32 | 2 | -3 | -2 | -4.1 | 99.14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3142G>C | G1048R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | -4.305 | Likely Benign | 0.435 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.503 | Likely Pathogenic | -0.54 | Neutral | 0.919 | Possibly Damaging | 0.728 | Possibly Damaging | 2.54 | Benign | 0.10 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | -2 | -3 | -4.1 | 99.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3154G>A | G1052R | Uncertain | 1 | -9.050 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.383 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.497 | Likely Benign | -0.41 | Neutral | 0.990 | Probably Damaging | 0.798 | Possibly Damaging | 3.90 | Benign | 0.10 | Tolerated | 3.77 | 5 | -2 | -3 | -4.1 | 99.14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3175G>A | G1059R | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443727-G-A | 68 | 4.23e-5 | -8.452 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.376 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.333 | Likely Benign | -0.55 | Neutral | 0.001 | Benign | 0.001 | Benign | 2.53 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 2 | -3 | -2 | -4.1 | 99.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3184G>A | G1062R | Likely Benign | Conflicting | 2 | 6-33443736-G-A | 7 | 4.35e-6 | -6.933 | Likely Benign | 0.353 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.403 | Likely Benign | -0.34 | Neutral | 0.797 | Possibly Damaging | 0.139 | Benign | 4.10 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 4.32 | 2 | -3 | -2 | -4.1 | 99.14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3355G>A | G1119R | Benign | 1 | 6-33443907-G-A | 64 | 4.23e-5 | -8.489 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.473 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.303 | Likely Benign | 0.10 | Neutral | 0.969 | Probably Damaging | 0.462 | Possibly Damaging | 4.03 | Benign | 0.10 | Tolerated | 4.32 | 2 | -3 | -2 | -4.1 | 99.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3370G>A | G1124R | Conflicting | 3 | 6-33443922-G-A | 24 | 1.60e-5 | -8.918 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.534 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.243 | Likely Benign | -0.58 | Neutral | 0.002 | Benign | 0.002 | Benign | 4.81 | Benign | 0.01 | Affected | 3.77 | 5 | -3 | -2 | -4.1 | 99.14 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3379G>A | G1127R | Likely Benign | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33443931-G-A | 2 | 1.34e-6 | -5.949 | Likely Benign | 0.629 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.341 | Likely Benign | -0.87 | Neutral | 0.001 | Benign | 0.001 | Benign | 4.86 | Benign | 0.12 | Tolerated | 4.32 | 4 | -2 | -3 | -4.1 | 99.14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.3379G>C | G1127R | Likely Benign | Conflicting | 2 | 6-33443931-G-C | 16 | 1.07e-5 | -5.949 | Likely Benign | 0.629 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.341 | Likely Benign | -0.87 | Neutral | 0.001 | Benign | 0.001 | Benign | 4.86 | Benign | 0.12 | Tolerated | 4.32 | 4 | -2 | -3 | -4.1 | 99.14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.391G>C | G131R | Uncertain | 1 | -6.564 | Likely Benign | 0.983 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Pathogenic | 0.099 | Likely Benign | -3.82 | Deleterious | 0.983 | Probably Damaging | 0.656 | Possibly Damaging | 3.92 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 3.61 | 5 | -2 | -3 | -4.1 | 99.14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.76G>A | G26R | Likely Benign | Benign | 1 | 6-33423485-G-A | 3 | 1.86e-6 | -2.946 | Likely Benign | 0.678 | Likely Pathogenic | Likely Benign | 0.189 | Likely Benign | -2.22 | Neutral | 0.994 | Probably Damaging | 0.990 | Probably Damaging | 3.87 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 1 | -3 | -2 | -4.1 | 99.14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| c.1147G>T | G383W (3D Viewer)  | C2 | Uncertain | 1 | 6-33438052-G-T | 1 | 6.22e-7 | -10.161 | Likely Pathogenic | 0.439 | Ambiguous | Likely Benign | 0.469 | Likely Benign | 5.81 | Destabilizing | 3.6 | 4.44 | Destabilizing | 5.13 | Destabilizing | 0.08 | Likely Benign | -1.01 | Neutral | 0.959 | Probably Damaging | 0.704 | Possibly Damaging | 4.09 | Benign | 0.00 | Affected | 4.32 | 7 | -2 | -7 | -0.5 | 129.16 | ||||||||||||||||||
Found 757 rows. Show 200 rows per page. Page 4/4 « Previous |