SynGap Missense Server

Table of SynGAP1 Isoform α2 (UniProt Q96PV0-1) Missense Variants.

c.dna Variant SGM Consensus Domain ClinVar gnomAD ESM1b AlphaMissense REVEL FoldX Rosetta Foldetta PremPS PROVEAN PolyPhen-2 HumDiv PolyPhen-2 HumVar FATHMM SIFT PAM Physical SASA Normalized B-factor backbone Normalized B-factor sidechain SynGAP Structural Annotation DOI
Clinical Status Review Subm. ID Allele count Allele freq. LLR score Prediction Pathogenicity Class Optimized Score Prediction Average ΔΔG Prediction StdDev ΔΔG Prediction ΔΔG Prediction ΔΔG Prediction Score Prediction pph2_prob Prediction pph2_prob Prediction Nervous System Score Prediction Prediction Status Conservation Sequences PAM250 PAM120 Hydropathy Δ MW Δ Average Δ Δ StdDev Δ StdDev Secondary Tertiary bonds Inside out GAP-Ras interface At membrane No effect MD Alert Verdict Description
c.2029A>TS677C
(3D Viewer)
Likely BenignGAPBenign 1-8.496Likely Pathogenic0.076Likely BenignLikely Benign0.153Likely Benign-0.51Ambiguous0.3-0.30Likely Benign-0.41Likely Benign0.15Likely Benign-2.41Neutral0.932Possibly Damaging0.222Benign3.25Benign0.04Affected3.4123-103.316.06
c.227C>GS76CLikely BenignUncertain 16-33425835-C-G21.24e-6-5.408Likely Benign0.100Likely BenignLikely Benign0.076Likely Benign-1.78Neutral0.992Probably Damaging0.869Possibly Damaging3.71Benign0.00Affected4.3210-13.316.06
c.2339C>GS780CLikely BenignUncertain 46-33442891-C-G169.94e-6-7.603In-Between0.278Likely BenignLikely Benign0.078Likely Benign-1.41Neutral0.065Benign0.043Benign2.59Benign0.10Tolerated3.646-103.316.06
c.2518A>TS840CLikely PathogenicUncertain 1-8.799Likely Pathogenic0.904Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.376Likely Benign-3.96Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.975Probably Damaging1.50Pathogenic0.00Affected3.7750-13.316.06
c.2719A>TS907CLikely BenignLikely Benign 1-6.685Likely Benign0.298Likely BenignLikely Benign0.113Likely Benign-2.34Neutral0.999Probably Damaging0.988Probably Damaging2.60Benign0.02Affected3.7750-13.316.06
c.3038C>GS1013CLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443590-C-G42.48e-6-6.745Likely Benign0.110Likely BenignLikely Benign0.058Likely Benign-2.06Neutral0.898Possibly Damaging0.579Possibly Damaging2.64Benign0.05Affected3.7750-13.316.06
c.611C>GS204C
(3D Viewer)
Likely BenignPHUncertain 1-6.613Likely Benign0.127Likely BenignLikely Benign0.148Likely Benign0.65Ambiguous0.4-1.13Ambiguous-0.24Likely Benign0.10Likely Benign-0.64Neutral0.978Probably Damaging0.753Possibly Damaging4.13Benign0.05Affected3.44100-13.316.06223.6-13.80.60.30.00.2XUncertainThe hydroxyl-containing Ser204, located in the N-terminal loop before the first anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Ile205-Pro208), is replaced by the thiol-containing cysteine. In the WT simulations, Ser204 simultaneously forms hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl of Asp201 and the hydroxyl group of Thr224, helping to stabilize the two anti-parallel β strands (res. Ile205-Lys207 and Cys219-Thr223) at the end of the β sheet. Since the thiol group of cysteine forms weaker hydrogen bonds than the hydroxyl group of serine, Cys204 does not maintain the hydrogen bond network as stably as Ser204 in the variant simulations. However, because the model ends abruptly at the N-terminus, no definite conclusions can be drawn from the simulations.
c.196C>GP66ALikely BenignUncertain 1-2.845Likely Benign0.891Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.091Likely Benign-1.56Neutral0.805Possibly Damaging0.539Possibly Damaging4.04Benign0.00Affected4.3211-13.4-26.04
c.1971G>CW657CLikely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-12.035Likely Pathogenic0.997Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.463Likely Benign2.74Destabilizing0.31.69Ambiguous2.22Destabilizing1.30Destabilizing-11.06Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.982Probably Damaging3.43Benign0.03Affected-8-23.4-83.07
c.265C>GP89ALikely BenignUncertain 2-5.778Likely Benign0.920Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.095Likely Benign-2.47Neutral0.225Benign0.020Benign3.77Benign0.00Affected4.3211-13.4-26.04
c.2914C>GP972ALikely BenignUncertain 16-33443466-C-G16.20e-7-0.167Likely Benign0.045Likely BenignLikely Benign0.046Likely Benign-0.89Neutral0.016Benign0.011Benign4.29Benign0.07Tolerated4.322-113.4-26.04
c.3100C>GP1034ALikely BenignBenign 1-4.174Likely Benign0.178Likely BenignLikely Benign0.060Likely Benign-2.44Neutral0.059Benign0.061Benign2.47Pathogenic0.06Tolerated3.7751-13.4-26.04
c.3136C>GP1046ALikely BenignUncertain 16-33443688-C-G16.20e-7-3.246Likely Benign0.048Likely BenignLikely Benign0.041Likely Benign-1.67Neutral0.001Benign0.008Benign2.39Pathogenic0.29Tolerated3.775-113.4-26.04
c.3250C>GP1084ALikely BenignUncertain 1-3.928Likely Benign0.066Likely BenignLikely Benign0.114Likely Benign-2.54Deleterious0.649Possibly Damaging0.157Benign4.05Benign0.35Tolerated3.775-113.4-26.04
c.924G>CW308C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Pathogenic/Likely path. 2-12.791Likely Pathogenic1.000Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.738Likely Pathogenic5.56Destabilizing0.34.38Destabilizing4.97Destabilizing1.26Destabilizing-11.95Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging0.48Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3819-8-23.4-83.07230.860.5-0.30.1-0.40.4XPotentially PathogenicThe indole ring of Trp308, located in an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Thr305-Asn315), packs against multiple hydrophobic residues (e.g., Ile268, Val306, Cys282). The indole group of Trp308 also hydrogen bonds with the backbone atoms of the C2 domain residues forming the anti-parallel β sheet (e.g., Tyr280, Thr294). The introduced Cys308 is smaller than the tryptophan it replaced. The thiol group of the Cys308 side chain is well-suited for the inner hydrophobic part of the C2 domain. Although the negative effects are essentially missing from the simulations, the side chain size difference between the residues is likely to disrupt the hydrophobic packing during folding. At a minimum, the residue swap could affect the C2 domain stability and membrane association.
c.1285C>TR429W
(3D Viewer)
GAPConflicting 56-33438190-C-T654.03e-5-10.666Likely Pathogenic0.500AmbiguousLikely Benign0.282Likely Benign0.31Likely Benign0.1-0.13Likely Benign0.09Likely Benign0.52Ambiguous-3.19Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.990Probably Damaging3.41Benign0.03Affected3.38252-33.630.03252.345.50.00.00.20.1XPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg429, located in an α helix (res. Met414-Glu436), either forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of an acidic residue (Asp474, Asp467) or a H-bond with the hydroxyl group of Ser471 in an opposing α helix (res. Ala461-Phe476). In the variant simulations, the indole ring of the Trp429 side chain cannot form ionic interactions with the acidic residues. Although it forms a H-bond with Ser471, the bonding is not as strong as that of arginine. The residue swap could affect the tertiary structure assembly during folding; however, no large-scale negative effects were seen during the simulations.
c.1559C>TS520F
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-12.541Likely Pathogenic0.999Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.833Likely Pathogenic-1.20Ambiguous0.40.39Likely Benign-0.41Likely Benign0.25Likely Benign-5.57Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.996Probably Damaging-1.36Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-2-33.660.10
c.1423C>TR475W
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 16-33438455-C-T16.20e-7-13.235Likely Pathogenic0.962Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.725Likely Pathogenic1.44Ambiguous0.4-0.92Ambiguous0.26Likely Benign0.56Ambiguous-7.56Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.995Probably Damaging-1.45Pathogenic0.00Affected3.39282-33.630.03266.939.60.00.00.00.1XXXPotentially PathogenicIn the WT simulations, the guanidinium group of Arg475, located near the end of an α-helix (res. Ala461-Phe476), stacks with the phenyl ring of Phe476 and forms a salt bridge with Glu472. Additionally, Arg475 occasionally forms another salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu486 on the α-α loop connecting the two α-helices (res. Ala461-Phe476 and Leu489-Glu519) at the GAP-Ras interface. Therefore, Arg475 potentially plays a key role in positioning the loop by interacting with Glu486, which is necessary for the positioning of the “arginine finger” (Arg485) and, ultimately, for RasGTPase activation.In the variant simulations, Trp475 moves and stacks with Arg479 on the proceeding α-α loop, disrupting the terminal end of the α-helix. Lastly, the potential effect of the residue swap on the SynGAP-Ras complex formation or GTPase activation cannot be fully addressed using the SynGAP solvent-only simulations.
c.1976C>TS659F
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-10.925Likely Pathogenic0.662Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.194Likely Benign-0.81Ambiguous0.1-0.25Likely Benign-0.53Ambiguous0.32Likely Benign-4.59Deleterious0.806Possibly Damaging0.171Benign3.39Benign0.05Affected3.3828-3-23.660.10221.3-61.20.00.00.60.4XPotentially BenignIn the WT simulations, the hydroxyl group of Ser659, located in a kink in the middle of the long α-helix (res. Ser641-Glu666), forms a hydrogen bond with the carboxylate group of Glu656. However, the phenol ring of the Phe659 side chain cannot form a similar hydrogen bond. Instead, it interacts with the hydrophobic isopropyl side chain of Val555 from the opposing α-helix (res. Ala533-Val560). This residue swap may therefore cause issues during protein folding.
c.1717C>TR573W
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPConflicting 8-14.078Likely Pathogenic0.995Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.758Likely Pathogenic2.37Destabilizing0.70.57Ambiguous1.47Ambiguous0.88Ambiguous-6.94Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.997Probably Damaging-1.48Pathogenic0.00Affected3.37352-33.630.03257.639.00.10.00.20.0XXPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg573, located in an α-helix (res. Arg563-Glu578), forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate groups of Glu582 and/or Asp586 from a nearby α-helix (res. Glu582-Met603) in the WT simulations. Additionally, the Arg573 side chain stacks planarly with the aromatic phenol ring of Tyr665 and hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of Ser668 from another α-helix (res. Ser641-Ser668). In the variant simulations, the indole ring of the Trp573 side chain is unable to maintain the same level of coordination as the positively charged Arg573 side chain. Indeed, Trp573 is seen hydrogen bonding only briefly with the carboxylate group of Glu582. Consequently, the integrity of the opposing α-helix end (res. Glu582-Met603) is weakened. Overall, the residue swap has the potential to substantially affect the tertiary structure assembly during the protein folding process.
c.1741C>TR581W
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 2-12.855Likely Pathogenic0.920Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.678Likely Pathogenic1.32Ambiguous0.1-0.32Likely Benign0.50Ambiguous0.68Ambiguous-6.79Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.997Probably Damaging-1.37Pathogenic0.01Affected3.37342-33.630.03257.836.00.10.10.10.3XXPotentially PathogenicArg581 is located on a short α-α loop between two α helices (res. Arg563-Glu578 and res. Glu582-Ser604). In the WT simulations, the guanidinium group of Arg581 forms salt bridges with the carboxylate groups of Asp583 within the same helix, as well as with Glu478 and/or Glu480 in a slightly α-helical loop (res. Glu478-Thr488) preceding another α helix (res. Ala461-Phe476).In the variant simulations, the neutral indole ring of the Trp581 side chain cannot form any of these salt bridges. Instead, it packs hydrophobically against Met477 and Ile587 without forming any direct hydrogen bonds. The tendency of the loop (res. Asp477-Thr488) to acquire an α-helical structure seems to marginally increase, potentially due to Trp581's inability to coordinate stable hydrogen bonds with the loop residues (e.g., Glu478-Arg581 salt bridge). Additionally, the residue swap could weaken the tertiary structure assembly and negatively affect the overall protein folding process.
c.2218C>TR740WUncertain 26-33441683-C-T63.72e-6-8.561Likely Pathogenic0.168Likely BenignLikely Benign0.180Likely Benign-3.09Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.938Probably Damaging2.52Benign0.01Affected4.3222-33.630.03
c.2224C>TR742WLikely BenignUncertain 16-33441689-C-T63.72e-6-7.725In-Between0.133Likely BenignLikely Benign0.079Likely Benign-1.71Neutral0.992Probably Damaging0.684Possibly Damaging2.66Benign0.01Affected4.322-323.630.03
c.2245C>TR749WLikely Benign 16-33441710-C-T31.86e-6-7.647In-Between0.338Likely BenignLikely Benign0.173Likely Benign-2.62Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging2.59Benign0.00Affected4.3222-33.630.03
c.2003C>TS668F
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-15.047Likely Pathogenic0.999Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.643Likely Pathogenic16.72Destabilizing5.011.07Destabilizing13.90Destabilizing0.00Likely Benign-5.98Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.935Probably Damaging3.18Benign0.00Affected3.3828-3-23.660.10250.9-59.6-0.10.10.00.1XXXPotentially PathogenicIn the WT simulations, the hydroxyl side chain of Ser668, located on an α-α loop connecting the two α-helices (res. Ser641-Glu666 and res. Leu685-Val699), forms hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of Leu664, Tyr665, and Glu666, as well as the guanidinium group of Arg573 on a nearby α-helix (res. Arg563-Glu578). In the variant simulations, the side chain of Phe668 cannot maintain the same hydrogen-bond network. Due to its larger size, it moves away to avoid steric hindrance. In the WT simulations, a network of hydrogen bonds between several residues (e.g., Asn669, Lys566, and Glu666) keeps both α-helices and the proceeding loop (res. Asn669-Asp684) tightly connected, but this setup is not present in the variant simulations. Additionally, in the variant simulations, the side chain of Arg573 shifts to form a more stable salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu582 instead of hydrogen bonding with Ser668 as in the WT simulations.
c.2650C>TR884WLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443202-C-T53.10e-6-3.785Likely Benign0.332Likely BenignLikely Benign0.151Likely Benign0.26Neutral0.995Probably Damaging0.812Possibly Damaging2.56Benign0.05Affected4.324-323.630.03
c.2864C>TS955FConflicting 46-33443416-C-T955.89e-5-7.374In-Between0.176Likely BenignLikely Benign0.093Likely Benign-1.73Neutral0.977Probably Damaging0.721Possibly Damaging2.32Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-3-23.660.10
c.28C>TR10WLikely BenignUncertain 16-33420292-C-T21.30e-6-5.707Likely Benign0.503AmbiguousLikely Benign0.236Likely Benign-0.31Neutral0.964Probably Damaging0.190Benign4.10Benign0.00Affected4.3212-33.630.03
c.3253C>TR1085WUncertain 16-33443805-C-T21.26e-6-6.339Likely Benign0.821Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.202Likely Benign-3.15Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.996Probably Damaging2.70Benign0.00Affected3.775-323.630.03
c.3260C>TS1087FUncertain 1-3.843Likely Benign0.497AmbiguousLikely Benign0.105Likely Benign-2.75Deleterious0.990Probably Damaging0.796Possibly Damaging2.56Benign0.03Affected3.775-2-33.660.10
c.3313C>TR1105WUncertain 16-33443865-C-T63.93e-6-6.911Likely Benign0.488AmbiguousLikely Benign0.133Likely Benign-4.34Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.696Possibly Damaging2.42Pathogenic0.02Affected3.775-323.630.03
c.3457C>TR1153WLikely PathogenicUncertain 26-33444492-C-T21.24e-6-5.812Likely Benign0.994Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.317Likely Benign-5.88Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging1.46Pathogenic0.00Affected3.7752-33.630.03
c.3635C>TS1212FLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilConflicting 2-14.445Likely Pathogenic0.997Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.271Likely Benign-4.52Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging2.03Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-3-23.660.10
c.3640C>TR1214WLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilUncertain 16-33446632-C-T21.24e-6-8.799Likely Pathogenic0.710Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.143Likely Benign-4.95Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.983Probably Damaging2.45Pathogenic0.00Affected3.7752-33.630.03
c.3661C>TR1221WLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilConflicting 36-33446653-C-T16.20e-7-10.938Likely Pathogenic0.651Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.174Likely Benign-4.57Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.987Probably Damaging2.50Benign0.01Affected3.7752-33.630.03
c.379C>TR127WUncertain 1-4.776Likely Benign0.806Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.118Likely Benign-2.98Deleterious0.989Probably Damaging0.420Benign3.88Benign0.00Affected2-33.630.03
c.406C>TR136WLikely PathogenicUncertain 2-10.453Likely Pathogenic0.989Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.237Likely Benign-4.71Deleterious0.965Probably Damaging0.416Benign3.45Benign0.00Affected3.6152-33.630.03
c.508C>TR170WLikely PathogenicUncertain 2-11.660Likely Pathogenic0.978Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.241Likely Benign-4.28Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.849Possibly Damaging3.84Benign0.00Affected3.7442-33.630.03
c.50C>TS17FLikely BenignUncertain 16-33420314-C-T106.49e-6-3.888Likely Benign0.637Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.048Likely Benign-0.99Neutral0.486Possibly Damaging0.032Benign3.99Benign0.00Affected4.321-2-33.660.10
c.514C>TR172WLikely PathogenicUncertain 26-33435156-C-T95.58e-6-10.258Likely Pathogenic0.878Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.228Likely Benign-3.61Deleterious0.997Probably Damaging0.803Possibly Damaging3.95Benign0.00Affected3.6152-33.630.03
c.73C>TR25WLikely BenignUncertain 26-33423482-C-T63.72e-6-5.133Likely Benign0.549AmbiguousLikely Benign0.158Likely Benign-1.60Neutral0.994Probably Damaging0.919Probably Damaging3.92Benign0.00Affected4.321-323.630.03
c.700C>TR234W
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicPHUncertain 16-33435551-C-T31.86e-6-12.625Likely Pathogenic0.947Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.805Likely Pathogenic0.96Ambiguous0.30.69Ambiguous0.83Ambiguous0.13Likely Benign-5.52Deleterious0.997Probably Damaging0.803Possibly Damaging5.76Benign0.01Affected3.40142-33.630.03262.839.6-0.10.0-0.20.2XPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg234, located in a β-α loop between an anti-parallel β sheet strand (residues Gly227-Phe231) and an α helix (res. Ala236-Val250), forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu238 in the α helix. Occasionally, it also bonds with the GAP domain residues Ser678 and Glu680. Thus, the positively charged Arg234 could contribute to the tertiary structure assembly between the PH and GAP domains. In contrast, the indole side chain of Trp234 in the variant is located on the protein surface in the variant simulations and is unable to form any interactions.
c.742C>TR248W
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicPHUncertain 1-11.647Likely Pathogenic0.991Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.699Likely Pathogenic1.17Ambiguous0.3-0.20Likely Benign0.49Likely Benign0.89Ambiguous-6.98Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.948Probably Damaging5.62Benign0.00Affected3.41142-33.630.03266.442.30.00.00.30.1XPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg248, located on an α helix (res. Ala236-Val250), forms two very stable salt bridges with Asp255 (from a short α helical section, res. Lys254-Asn256) and Glu244 (from a nearby loop) in the WT simulations. In the variant simulations, the indole group of Trp248 cannot form any salt bridges, which could negatively affect the tertiary structure assembly of the PH domain. Instead, in the variant simulations, the indole ring of Trp248 stacks against Pro252, which makes a turn after the α helix.
c.775C>TR259W
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Uncertain 1-12.186Likely Pathogenic0.985Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.691Likely Pathogenic1.95Ambiguous0.80.51Ambiguous1.23Ambiguous0.51Ambiguous-7.35Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.993Probably Damaging5.76Benign0.00Affected3.39152-33.630.03254.040.00.20.20.20.4XXXPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg259, located at the beginning of an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Arg259-Arg272), forms salt bridges with the carboxylate groups of Asp684 at the end of an α helix (res. Ile683-Gln702, GAP domain) and Asp261 on the same β strand. The Arg259 side chain also frequently forms hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of Ser257, Asn256, and Asp255. In the variant simulations, the indole ring of the Trp259 side chain cannot form salt bridges or maintain hydrogen bonding with the carboxylate group of Asp684 or other nearby residues. Notably, the amino group of the Lys254 side chain maintains a salt bridge with Asp684 and Glu244 throughout the variant simulations, while it forms a cation-π bond with the indole ring of Trp259 in the variant. This salt bridge is not maintained in the WT simulations. Additionally, the partially or loosely α helical conformation of a lysine-containing loop (res. Lys251-Ser257), which extends to a nearby α helix (res. Met414-Asn426), could be stabilized due to the residue swap. Moreover, the bulky size of the Trp259 side chain requires nearby residues to adjust their positioning to accommodate the introduced residue, weakening the tertiary structure assembly between the C2, PH, and GAP domains. The residue swap potentially causes more severe effects during protein folding or for the SynGAP-membrane interaction than the solvent-only simulations imply.
c.835C>TR279W
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Uncertain 1-11.417Likely Pathogenic0.942Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.485Likely Benign2.00Destabilizing0.81.47Ambiguous1.74Ambiguous0.80Ambiguous-6.29Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging1.88Pathogenic0.00Affected3.39182-33.630.03270.038.30.10.00.30.0UncertainThe guanidinium group of Arg279, located at the beginning of an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Arg279-Leu286), can form hydrogen bond with the backbone carbonyl groups of nearby loop residues (e.g., Ser296, Ser331, and As332) and form salt bridges with the carboxylate groups of Asp330 and Asp332. In the WT simulations, Arg279 sporadically forms a salt bridge even with the carboxylate group of Glu613, loosely connecting the C2 domain and GAP domain. Meanwhile, the indole ring of the Trp279 side chain is unable to hydrogen bond with the loop residues in the variant simulations. The lack of hydrogen bond or salt bridge formation with the loop residues could be significant, as Arg279 and the loops face the polar head group region of the membrane. Thus, although Trp279 could interact with the membrane surface as a “lipid anchor,” any changes to the wider loop dynamics could still adversely affect the formation of a stable SynGAP-membrane association. However, no definite conclusions on the effect of the residue swap on the SynGAP-membrane association can be drawn from solvent-only simulations.
c.899C>TS300F
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Uncertain 1-10.222Likely Pathogenic0.353AmbiguousLikely Benign0.117Likely Benign-0.29Likely Benign0.40.16Likely Benign-0.07Likely Benign0.04Likely Benign-2.66Deleterious0.975Probably Damaging0.596Possibly Damaging1.52Pathogenic0.01Affected3.4719-3-23.660.10233.6-67.6-0.10.00.40.2XXPotentially PathogenicThe hydroxyl group of the Ser300 side chain, located in a β hairpin loop linking two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Met289-Pro298, res. Thr305-Asn315), hydrogen bonds with the guanidinium group of Arg299 and the backbone amide group and side chain of Ser302. Thus, in the WT simulations, it contributes to the β hairpin stability. In the variant simulations, the phenol ring of Phe300 cannot form any side chain-related hydrogen bonds, and Arg299 is moved away from its central hairpin loop position.β hairpins are potential nucleation sites during the initial stages of protein folding, so even minor changes in them could be significant. Due to its location near the membrane surface, the residue swap could also affect the C2 loop dynamics and SynGAP-membrane association. However, this is beyond the scope of the solvent-only simulations to unravel.
c.970C>TR324W
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Uncertain 16-33437875-C-T21.24e-6-12.906Likely Pathogenic0.694Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.481Likely Benign1.49Ambiguous0.30.56Ambiguous1.03Ambiguous0.66Ambiguous-3.12Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging1.82Pathogenic0.16Tolerated3.39222-33.630.03256.639.10.00.10.30.2XPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg324, located at the end of an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Ala322-Asp330), faces outward and frequently forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of the Asp288 side chain, which is part of a β strand end (res. Met289-Pro298). In the variant simulations, the indole ring of the Trp324 side chain cannot maintain a similar interaction with the negatively charged carboxylate side chain of Asp288, potentially compromising the folding of the anti-parallel β sheet assembly. However, the residue swap does not appear to negatively impact the protein structure or its integrity based on the simulations.
c.1453C>AR485S
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-15.603Likely Pathogenic0.998Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.609Likely Pathogenic0.40Likely Benign0.11.07Ambiguous0.74Ambiguous0.82Ambiguous-5.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging1.93Pathogenic0.00Affected0-13.7-69.11
c.2443C>AR815SSH3-binding motifBenign 1-7.324In-Between0.950Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.138Likely Benign-1.86Neutral0.999Probably Damaging0.997Probably Damaging2.67Benign0.02Affected0-13.7-69.11
c.249A>TR83SLikely BenignUncertain 1-2.550Likely Benign0.999Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.094Likely Benign-1.87Neutral0.909Possibly Damaging0.587Possibly Damaging3.19Benign0.00Affected4.3210-13.7-69.11
c.1025A>GY342C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Benign/Likely benign 26-33437930-A-G211.30e-5-7.596In-Between0.682Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.404Likely Benign2.48Destabilizing0.12.73Destabilizing2.61Destabilizing0.92Ambiguous-6.67Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging1.72Pathogenic0.02Affected3.37250-23.8-60.04242.462.80.10.0-0.10.2Potentially PathogenicThe phenol ring of Tyr342, located at the end of an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Gly341-Pro349), faces outward in the C2 domain. This phenol ring contributes to a triple tyrosine stack (Tyr342, Tyr328, and Tyr281) that links together three anti-parallel β sheet strands. Additionally, it shields Gly344 from the solvent, reducing its exposure and providing stability for the β-sandwich. This motif also contributes to a twist formation in the β sheet.In the variant simulations, the Cys342 side chain cannot participate in the stack formation. Instead, its thiol group forms a hydrogen bond with the backbone carbonyl group of Leu327. Although these changes in surface interactions could weaken the characteristic twist that strengthens the β sheet fold, no major structural effects are observed in the variant simulations. The residue swap could also affect the SynGAP-membrane association; however, this phenomenon cannot be addressed using solvent-only simulations. Notably, the thiol group of cysteine is not a particularly strong hydrogen-bonding partner, which could mitigate the negative effects of the residue swap.
c.1490A>GY497C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-11.872Likely Pathogenic0.948Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.806Likely Pathogenic3.88Destabilizing0.14.76Destabilizing4.32Destabilizing1.40Destabilizing-8.82Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.995Probably Damaging-1.65Pathogenic0.03Affected3.37350-23.8-60.04209.959.1-0.10.0-0.30.1XXPotentially PathogenicTyr497 is located in the α-helix (res. Leu489-Glu519) within the inter-helix space of four α-helices (res. Leu489-Ile501, res. Val441-Ser457, res. Arg563-Glu578, res. Ala461-Val473). In the WT simulations, the phenol ring of Tyr497 hydrophobically packs with other residues in the inter-helix space (e.g., Leu465, Leu565, Val568). The hydroxyl group of Tyr497 also alternately forms hydrogen bonds with the carboxylate side chain of Gln456 and the backbone carbonyl of Glu564. Thus, Tyr497 plays a role in the folding and maintenance of the tertiary structure assembly between these four helices.In the variant simulations, the comparatively smaller residue, Cys497, cannot maintain any of the interactions seen with Tyr497 in the WT. Although no severe deleterious consequences are observed in the simulations, the structural effects could be more pronounced during actual protein folding. Indeed, the tertiary structure is seen to slightly break apart in the variant simulations.
c.2195G>CR732TUncertain 1-8.545Likely Pathogenic0.434AmbiguousLikely Benign0.075Likely Benign-1.96Neutral0.999Probably Damaging0.892Possibly Damaging2.59Benign0.12Tolerated3.597-1-13.8-55.08
c.1760G>CR587T
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-9.697Likely Pathogenic0.784Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.603Likely Pathogenic1.14Ambiguous0.20.74Ambiguous0.94Ambiguous0.98Ambiguous-4.71Deleterious0.998Probably Damaging0.847Possibly Damaging-1.19Pathogenic0.08Tolerated3.3735-1-13.8-55.08227.287.40.00.00.50.1XPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg587, located on an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603), is constantly rotating and breaking/forming multiple hydrogen bonds and/or salt bridges at the surface intersection of α helices in the WT simulations. The positively charged Arg587 side chain can form a salt bridge with either the carboxylate group of Asp583 or Asp586 in the same helix, or with Glu480 on the opposing short helical loop structure (res. Glu480-Leu482).Importantly, the Arg587 side chain also hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of Ala634 and Asn635, as well as the carboxamide group of Asn635 at the end of another α helix (res. Asp616-Phe636). However, in the variant simulations, the neutral hydroxyl group of the Thr587 side chain is unable to form these salt bridges. Due to its smaller size, it also does not form the hydrogen bonds that the Arg587 side chain could. Instead, the hydroxyl group of Thr587 hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl group of Asp583, which could weaken the integrity of the α helix, although this is not observed in the simulations.Overall, the residue swap could weaken the tertiary structure assembly and negatively affect the overall protein folding process.
c.2420A>GY807CSH3-binding motifUncertain 16-33442972-A-G16.20e-7-7.228In-Between0.204Likely BenignLikely Benign0.243Likely Benign-3.89Deleterious0.997Probably Damaging0.934Probably Damaging2.42Pathogenic0.01Affected3.7750-23.8-60.04
c.2459A>GY820CLikely PathogenicUncertain 1-8.797Likely Pathogenic0.744Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.113Likely Benign-3.16Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.983Probably Damaging2.68Benign0.06Tolerated3.7750-23.8-60.04
c.2945A>GY982CLikely BenignLikely Benign 16-33443497-A-G21.24e-6-6.256Likely Benign0.746Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.195Likely Benign-1.67Neutral0.997Probably Damaging0.923Probably Damaging3.87Benign0.00Affected4.3210-23.8-60.04
c.3209_3210delinsCAR1070TLikely BenignUncertain 1-5.093Likely Benign0.860Likely PathogenicAmbiguous-2.35Neutral0.948Possibly Damaging0.507Possibly Damaging3.78Benign0.01Affected3.775-1-13.8-55.08
c.3794G>CR1265TLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilLikely Pathogenic 1-10.129Likely Pathogenic0.997Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.529Likely Pathogenic-4.97Deleterious0.997Probably Damaging0.994Probably Damaging2.29Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-1-13.8-55.08
c.53A>GY18CLikely BenignUncertain 16-33420317-A-G442.88e-5-2.658Likely Benign0.251Likely BenignLikely Benign0.102Likely Benign-0.56Neutral0.872Possibly Damaging0.206Benign4.04Benign0.00Affected4.3210-23.8-60.04
c.872A>GY291C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Uncertain 1-8.997Likely Pathogenic0.967Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.505Likely Pathogenic2.90Destabilizing0.43.51Destabilizing3.21Destabilizing1.35Destabilizing-7.37Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging1.76Pathogenic0.01Affected3.38230-23.8-60.04205.266.10.10.0-0.40.4XXPotentially PathogenicThe phenol group of the Tyr291 side chain, located in an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Met289-Pro298), packs against hydrophobic residues of the C2 and PH domains (e.g., Leu317, Leu286, Leu284, Pro208, Val209). The phenol ring of Tyr291 also forms favorable Met-aromatic stacking with the methyl group of Met289. In the variant simulation, the thiol group of the Cys291 side chain is not as suitable for the hydrophobic inter-domain space as the phenol ring of Tyr291. Consequently, the structural unity of the PH domain is weakened and ultimately unfolds in the second simulation. Moreover, the residue swap might result in severe detrimental effects on the C2 domain structure and the C2-PH domain tertiary structure assembly during folding.
c.13C>GR5GLikely BenignUncertain 1-3.639Likely Benign0.150Likely BenignLikely Benign0.169Likely Benign-0.16Neutral0.013Benign0.003Benign4.12Benign0.00Affected4.321-2-34.1-99.14
c.2420A>TY807FLikely BenignSH3-binding motifUncertain 1-3.667Likely Benign0.073Likely BenignLikely Benign0.057Likely Benign0.14Neutral0.012Benign0.022Benign2.92Benign0.98Tolerated3.775734.1-16.00
c.2443C>GR815GSH3-binding motifUncertain 1-7.983In-Between0.854Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.146Likely Benign-3.22Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.997Probably Damaging2.62Benign0.02Affected4.324-3-24.1-99.14
c.250C>GR84GUncertain 1-6.627Likely Benign0.989Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.139Likely Benign-2.64Deleterious0.962Probably Damaging0.726Possibly Damaging3.68Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-24.1-99.14
c.277C>GR93GLikely BenignUncertain 1-2.674Likely Benign0.400AmbiguousLikely Benign0.093Likely Benign-1.69Neutral0.103Benign0.019Benign3.99Benign0.00Affected4.321-2-34.1-99.14
c.484C>GR162GLikely BenignUncertain 1-6.985Likely Benign0.664Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.190Likely Benign-0.73Neutral0.487Possibly Damaging0.272Benign4.09Benign0.78Tolerated3.744-2-34.1-99.14
c.1118G>TG373V
(3D Viewer)
Likely BenignC2Uncertain 16-33438023-G-T65.03e-6-6.062Likely Benign0.112Likely BenignLikely Benign0.428Likely Benign5.32Destabilizing3.20.82Ambiguous3.07Destabilizing0.09Likely Benign-0.98Neutral0.007Benign0.001Benign3.90Benign0.00Affected3.5316-1-34.642.08207.6-68.11.91.1-0.60.1UncertainGly373 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364, res. Ala399-Ile411). Because the Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, it moves arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. The Ω loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play major roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like valine are rarely tolerated. Although no negative structural effects are observed in the variant simulations, Val373 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. However, since the effect on the Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn.
c.1136C>TS379L
(3D Viewer)
Likely BenignC2Benign 16-33438041-C-T84.05e-5-5.641Likely Benign0.173Likely BenignLikely Benign0.469Likely Benign0.39Likely Benign0.23.38Destabilizing1.89Ambiguous-0.52Ambiguous-0.85Neutral0.015Benign0.002Benign3.83Benign0.04Affected4.3211-3-24.626.08251.9-48.10.61.10.00.5UncertainSer379 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364, res. Ala399-Ile411). Because the Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, it moves arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. The Ω loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play major roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like leucine are rarely tolerated. Although no negative structural effects are observed in the variant simulations, Leu379 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. However, since the effect on Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn.
c.1142G>TG381V
(3D Viewer)
Likely BenignC2Uncertain 16-33438047-G-T21.25e-6-5.967Likely Benign0.146Likely BenignLikely Benign0.618Likely Pathogenic7.16Destabilizing1.04.10Destabilizing5.63Destabilizing-0.32Likely Benign-0.95Neutral0.386Benign0.157Benign1.32Pathogenic0.10Tolerated4.329-1-34.642.08214.6-68.80.30.7-0.50.3UncertainGly381 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364, res. Ala399-Ile411). Because the Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, it moves arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. The Ω loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play major roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like valine are rarely tolerated. Although no negative structural effects are observed in the variant simulations, Val381 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. However, since the effects on Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be well studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn.
c.1154C>TS385L
(3D Viewer)
Likely BenignC2Uncertain 26-33438059-C-T94.60e-5-6.018Likely Benign0.167Likely BenignLikely Benign0.304Likely Benign0.16Likely Benign0.10.08Likely Benign0.12Likely Benign-0.26Likely Benign-0.68Neutral0.829Possibly Damaging0.706Possibly Damaging4.63Benign0.01Affected4.323-3-24.626.08244.6-50.10.00.6-0.10.1UncertainSer385 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364, res. Ala399-Ile411). Because the Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, it moves arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. The Ω loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play major roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like leucine are rarely tolerated. Although no negative structural effects are observed in the variant simulations, Leu385 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. However, since the effects on Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn.
c.1160G>TG387V
(3D Viewer)
Likely BenignC2Uncertain 16-33438065-G-T221.37e-5-6.199Likely Benign0.153Likely BenignLikely Benign0.390Likely Benign5.13Destabilizing1.86.44Destabilizing5.79Destabilizing-0.33Likely Benign-0.54Neutral0.069Benign0.077Benign1.32Pathogenic0.01Affected4.323-1-34.642.08207.7-68.4-0.70.8-0.50.1UncertainGly387 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364 and res. Ala399-Ile411). The Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, and it is observed to move arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. This loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play significant roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like valine are rarely tolerated. Although no negative structural effects are visualized in the variant’s simulations, Val387 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. Since the effects on the Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be well studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn.
c.1172G>TG391V
(3D Viewer)
Likely BenignC2Likely Benign 16-33438077-G-T31.86e-6-6.642Likely Benign0.133Likely BenignLikely Benign0.595Likely Pathogenic4.23Destabilizing1.34.81Destabilizing4.52Destabilizing-0.11Likely Benign-0.98Neutral0.994Probably Damaging0.887Possibly Damaging1.32Pathogenic0.10Tolerated3.698-1-34.642.08228.6-69.00.00.8-0.50.3UncertainGly387 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364 and res. Ala399-Ile411). The Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, and it is observed to move arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. This loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play significant roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like valine are rarely tolerated. Although no negative structural effects are visualized in the variant’s simulations, Val391 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. Since the effects on the Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be well studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn.
c.155C>TS52LUncertain 16-33423564-C-T16.20e-7-7.199In-Between0.688Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.087Likely Benign-1.41Neutral0.829Possibly Damaging0.706Possibly Damaging4.10Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-24.626.08
c.1712C>TS571L
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 16-33440764-C-T16.23e-7-11.651Likely Pathogenic0.660Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.841Likely Pathogenic-1.53Ambiguous0.1-1.05Ambiguous-1.29Ambiguous0.27Likely Benign-5.61Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.996Probably Damaging-1.25Pathogenic0.04Affected3.3735-2-34.626.08
c.2255C>TS752LLikely BenignUncertain 26-33441720-C-T63.72e-6-3.386Likely Benign0.182Likely BenignLikely Benign0.195Likely Benign-2.09Neutral0.993Probably Damaging0.641Possibly Damaging1.51Pathogenic0.01Affected3.995-3-24.626.08
c.1811C>TS604L
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 16-33440863-C-T63.72e-6-14.683Likely Pathogenic0.965Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.639Likely Pathogenic-0.94Ambiguous0.1-1.24Ambiguous-1.09Ambiguous-0.31Likely Benign-5.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.991Probably Damaging3.09Benign0.00Affected3.3735-3-24.626.08234.0-49.60.00.10.30.5XXPotentially PathogenicSer604 is located in a short turn between an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603) and a short α helical section (res. Ser606-Phe608). In the WT simulations, the hydroxyl side chain of Ser604 periodically hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of other α helix residues (e.g., Pro600, Met603). Serine weakens the α helix secondary structure, and thus, Ser604 along with Pro605 breaks the α helix, facilitating the turn in the WT structure.In contrast, in the variant simulations, Leu604 forms a few hydrophobic interactions (e.g., Leu607, Phe608). More importantly, the helix end is more stable than with Ser604 in the WT. The residue swap could have a more profound effect on the actual folding process, for example, by preventing the bending at the α helix end, than what the simulations suggest.Moreover, Ser604 directly hydrogen bonds with Ras residues Ser65 and Ala66 in the WT SynGAP-Ras complex. The hydrophobic leucine cannot maintain these interactions with Ras at the GAP-Ras interface. Thus, the effect of the residue swap on the complex formation with the GTPase cannot be fully explored in the solvent-only simulations.
c.2474C>TS825LLikely PathogenicUncertain 16-33443026-C-T16.20e-7-4.987Likely Benign0.910Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.249Likely Benign-4.30Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.994Probably Damaging1.94Pathogenic0.01Affected3.775-2-34.626.08
c.2582C>TS861LLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443134-C-T21.24e-6-4.966Likely Benign0.219Likely BenignLikely Benign0.144Likely Benign-2.10Neutral0.904Possibly Damaging0.355Benign3.93Benign0.07Tolerated4.323-3-24.626.08
c.2627C>TS876LUncertain 2-5.856Likely Benign0.489AmbiguousLikely Benign0.249Likely Benign-3.56Deleterious0.998Probably Damaging0.992Probably Damaging2.57Benign0.05Affected3.775-2-34.626.08
c.2690C>TS897LLikely BenignUncertain 1-4.034Likely Benign0.299Likely BenignLikely Benign0.028Likely Benign-1.71Neutral0.901Possibly Damaging0.636Possibly Damaging2.66Benign0.01Affected-3-24.626.08
c.2855G>TG952VLikely BenignUncertain 1-7.074In-Between0.078Likely BenignLikely Benign0.231Likely Benign-0.33Neutral0.000Benign0.000Benign3.20Benign0.02Affected3.775-1-34.642.08
c.3041G>TG1014VLikely BenignUncertain 1-4.612Likely Benign0.181Likely BenignLikely Benign0.053Likely Benign-2.47Neutral0.818Possibly Damaging0.377Benign2.72Benign0.06Tolerated3.775-1-34.642.08
c.3119G>TG1040VLikely PathogenicUncertain 16-33443671-G-T42.48e-6-3.453Likely Benign0.645Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.774Likely Pathogenic-2.89Deleterious0.827Possibly Damaging0.456Possibly Damaging-0.74Pathogenic0.01Affected3.775-1-34.642.08
c.314C>TS105LLikely BenignUncertain 26-33432179-C-T42.48e-6-3.710Likely Benign0.233Likely BenignLikely Benign0.095Likely Benign-1.52Neutral0.828Possibly Damaging0.048Benign4.06Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-24.626.08
c.3179G>TG1060VLikely BenignBenign 16-33443731-G-T16.22e-7-6.966Likely Benign0.103Likely BenignLikely Benign0.369Likely Benign-0.73Neutral0.986Probably Damaging0.728Possibly Damaging2.63Benign0.33Tolerated4.322-1-34.642.08
c.3377G>TG1126VLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443929-G-T-6.536Likely Benign0.089Likely BenignLikely Benign0.357Likely Benign-1.20Neutral0.009Benign0.008Benign4.76Benign0.03Affected3.775-1-34.642.08
c.3380G>TG1127VLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443932-G-T16.69e-7-6.097Likely Benign0.094Likely BenignLikely Benign0.230Likely Benign-1.01Neutral0.004Benign0.005Benign4.81Benign0.17Tolerated4.324-1-34.642.08
c.3494C>TS1165LLikely BenignConflicting 2-2.984Likely Benign0.793Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.166Likely Benign-2.01Neutral0.998Probably Damaging0.992Probably Damaging2.60Benign0.33Tolerated3.883-3-24.626.0810.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.3557C>TS1186LCoiled-coilUncertain 16-33444592-C-T-4.829Likely Benign0.923Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.177Likely Benign-2.58Deleterious0.998Probably Damaging0.992Probably Damaging2.65Benign0.04Affected3.824-3-24.626.08
c.1970G>TW657L
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-14.411Likely Pathogenic0.960Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.213Likely Benign0.14Likely Benign0.10.73Ambiguous0.44Likely Benign0.87Ambiguous-10.86Deleterious0.277Benign0.078Benign3.52Benign0.14Tolerated3.3924-2-24.7-73.05
c.2168C>TT723I
(3D Viewer)
Likely BenignGAPLikely Benign 16-33441633-C-T21.24e-6-2.591Likely Benign0.120Likely BenignLikely Benign0.045Likely Benign-0.39Likely Benign0.0-0.20Likely Benign-0.30Likely Benign0.26Likely Benign-2.09Neutral0.088Benign0.030Benign3.39Benign0.03Affected3.5080-15.212.05252.3-31.60.00.0-0.20.2XUncertainThe hydroxyl group of Thr723, located on the outer surface of an α-helix (res. Leu714-Arg726), continuously forms hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl of Asn719 in the WT simulations, potentially lowering the stability of the α-helix. In the variant simulations, the sec-butyl side chain of Ile723 cannot form any hydrogen bonds, which, in theory, could increase the helix stability. However, because the model ends abruptly at the C-terminus, no definite conclusions can be drawn based on the simulations.
c.2924C>TT975ILikely BenignUncertain 16-33443476-C-T63.72e-6-3.912Likely Benign0.164Likely BenignLikely Benign0.068Likely Benign-1.66Neutral0.411Benign0.239Benign4.11Benign0.66Tolerated4.3220-15.212.05
c.3053C>TT1018IUncertain 16-33443605-C-T42.48e-6-3.264Likely Benign0.524AmbiguousLikely Benign0.076Likely Benign-2.55Deleterious0.586Possibly Damaging0.304Benign2.24Pathogenic0.01Affected3.775-105.212.05
c.182A>CE61ALikely BenignUncertain 1-5.235Likely Benign0.453AmbiguousLikely Benign0.074Likely Benign-1.52Neutral0.458Possibly Damaging0.678Possibly Damaging4.12Benign0.00Affected0-15.3-58.04
c.1556A>CE519A
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-8.557Likely Pathogenic0.904Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.384Likely Benign-0.05Likely Benign0.00.55Ambiguous0.25Likely Benign0.00Likely Benign-5.23Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging3.33Benign0.10Tolerated3.37350-15.3-58.04162.483.5-0.10.1-0.20.0XPotentially BenignGlu519 is located at the beginning of an α-α loop between the two α-helices (res. Gly502-Tyr518 and Ala533-Val560). In the WT simulations, the carboxylate side chain of Glu519 does not make any specific interactions. Accordingly, the Ala residue swap does not show any negative structural effects in the variant simulations. However, it should be noted that Glu519 faces the missing part of the N-terminal in the model, and thus its potential role in maintaining the tertiary structure might be de-emphasized in the current model.
c.3026A>CE1009ALikely PathogenicUncertain 1-3.118Likely Benign0.679Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.109Likely Benign-3.06Deleterious0.980Probably Damaging0.630Possibly Damaging2.39Pathogenic0.01Affected3.7750-15.3-58.04
c.3287A>CE1096ALikely BenignUncertain 1-4.504Likely Benign0.510AmbiguousLikely Benign0.164Likely Benign-1.37Neutral0.626Possibly Damaging0.184Benign2.77Benign0.16Tolerated3.775-105.3-58.04
c.3323G>TS1108IUncertain 16-33443875-G-T-3.666Likely Benign0.292Likely BenignLikely Benign0.145Likely Benign-3.73Deleterious0.971Probably Damaging0.604Possibly Damaging2.44Pathogenic0.10Tolerated3.775-2-15.326.08
c.860A>CD287A
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Uncertain 1-14.686Likely Pathogenic0.996Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.484Likely Benign0.30Likely Benign0.1-0.04Likely Benign0.13Likely Benign0.40Likely Benign-7.35Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging1.58Pathogenic0.01Affected3.3823-205.3-44.01
c.113C>TP38LLikely BenignConflicting 46-33423522-C-T84.96e-6-2.469Likely Benign0.197Likely BenignLikely Benign0.141Likely Benign-2.56Deleterious0.983Probably Damaging0.931Probably Damaging4.02Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-35.416.04
c.1193C>TP398L
(3D Viewer)
C2Uncertain 16-33438098-C-T84.96e-6-7.518In-Between0.547AmbiguousLikely Benign0.599Likely Pathogenic1.48Ambiguous0.2-0.54Ambiguous0.47Likely Benign0.62Ambiguous-7.10Deleterious0.961Probably Damaging0.256Benign5.72Benign0.01Affected3.4016-3-35.416.04245.8-68.6-0.10.0-0.30.2XPotentially PathogenicPro398 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364 and res. Ala399-Ile411). The Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, and it is observed to move arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. Although the residue swap does not influence the nearby secondary structure elements, proline is often found at the ends of β sheets due to its disfavored status during folding.Additionally, the Ω loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone. Ω loops are known to play significant roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like leucine are rarely tolerated. Although no negative structural effects are visualized in the variant’s simulations, Leu398 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. Since the effects on the Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be well studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn.
c.1685C>TP562L
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPPathogenic/Likely path. 106-33440737-C-T-13.438Likely Pathogenic0.996Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.829Likely Pathogenic3.54Destabilizing0.80.17Likely Benign1.86Ambiguous-0.14Likely Benign-9.95Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging0.58Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-3-35.416.04228.8-68.5-0.10.00.10.2XPotentially PathogenicPro562 is located on an α-α loop between two α-helices (res. Ala533-Val560 and res. Arg563-Glu578). The cyclic pyrrolidine side chain of Pro562 hydrophobically packs with other residues in the inter-helix space, such as Leu565, Ile501, and Phe561. In the variant simulations, Leu562 packs more favorably with the nearby hydrophobic residues, and the backbone amide group of Leu562 (absent in proline) does not form any intra-protein hydrogen bonds. However, prolines are well-suited for unstructured regions like loops, and thus, Pro562 in the WT is necessary at the end of the helix to induce a tight turn during folding. Although no negative structural effects are observed during the simulations, the residue swap could potentially cause extensive damage to the protein structure during folding.10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.2381C>TP794LLikely BenignSH3-binding motifBenign/Likely benign 26-33442933-C-T734.52e-5-3.808Likely Benign0.079Likely BenignLikely Benign0.075Likely Benign-0.80Neutral0.761Possibly Damaging0.321Benign4.24Benign0.03Affected4.073-3-35.416.04
c.2393C>TP798LLikely BenignSH3-binding motifUncertain 26-33442945-C-T63.72e-6-5.640Likely Benign0.074Likely BenignLikely Benign0.042Likely Benign-0.86Neutral0.981Probably Damaging0.631Possibly Damaging4.21Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-35.416.04
c.266C>TP89LUncertain 2-6.775Likely Benign0.982Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.119Likely Benign-3.29Deleterious0.889Possibly Damaging0.058Benign3.73Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-35.416.04
c.2822C>TP941LLikely BenignUncertain 2-5.692Likely Benign0.066Likely BenignLikely Benign0.054Likely Benign-0.44Neutral0.144Benign0.039Benign2.76Benign0.01Affected-3-35.416.04
c.2825C>TP942LLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443377-C-T42.48e-6-5.063Likely Benign0.086Likely BenignLikely Benign0.048Likely Benign-2.00Neutral0.411Benign0.239Benign2.37Pathogenic0.00Affected4.324-3-35.416.04
c.3194C>TP1065LLikely Benign 16-33443746-C-T148.71e-6-5.085Likely Benign0.089Likely BenignLikely Benign0.068Likely Benign-2.94Deleterious0.950Possibly Damaging0.419Benign2.01Pathogenic0.00Affected4.322-3-35.416.04
c.3197C>TP1066LLikely BenignLikely Benign 16-33443749-C-T148.71e-6-5.478Likely Benign0.092Likely BenignLikely Benign0.173Likely Benign-3.68Deleterious0.996Probably Damaging0.903Possibly Damaging2.72Benign0.00Affected4.322-3-35.416.04
c.3290C>TP1097LLikely BenignBenign 1-4.410Likely Benign0.145Likely BenignLikely Benign0.131Likely Benign-2.07Neutral0.611Possibly Damaging0.198Benign2.64Benign0.05Affected3.775-3-35.416.04
c.3848C>TP1283LLikely BenignBenign 16-33447896-C-T322.06e-5-3.740Likely Benign0.093Likely BenignLikely Benign0.047Likely Benign-1.04Neutral0.005Benign0.003Benign2.76Benign0.06Tolerated3.775-3-35.416.04
c.3860C>TP1287LLikely BenignConflicting 26-33447908-C-T-2.800Likely Benign0.117Likely BenignLikely Benign0.061Likely Benign-1.66Neutral0.021Benign0.017Benign2.76Benign0.02Affected3.775-3-35.416.04
c.3920C>TP1307LLikely BenignBenign 16-33451794-C-T116.82e-6-4.044Likely Benign0.144Likely BenignLikely Benign0.292Likely Benign-1.49Neutral0.779Possibly Damaging0.220Benign2.82Benign0.04Affected3.775-3-35.416.04
c.3941C>TP1314LLikely BenignLikely Benign 16-33451815-C-T21.24e-6-4.040Likely Benign0.118Likely BenignLikely Benign0.049Likely Benign-0.20Neutral0.421Benign0.066Benign4.19Benign0.05Affected3.775-3-35.416.04
c.3974C>TP1325LLikely BenignUncertain 16-33451848-C-T-5.256Likely Benign0.085Likely BenignLikely Benign0.146Likely Benign-1.05Neutral0.000Benign0.000Benign4.05Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-35.416.04
c.3977C>TP1326LLikely BenignUncertain 1-5.541Likely Benign0.115Likely BenignLikely Benign0.117Likely Benign-1.06Neutral0.999Probably Damaging0.994Probably Damaging3.62Benign0.00Affected3.775-3-35.416.04
c.3980C>TP1327LLikely BenignUncertain 16-33451854-C-T21.28e-6-5.264Likely Benign0.242Likely BenignLikely Benign0.142Likely Benign-1.24Neutral0.994Probably Damaging0.908Possibly Damaging4.12Benign0.10Tolerated3.775-3-35.416.04
c.59C>TP20LLikely BenignUncertain 3-3.289Likely Benign0.464AmbiguousLikely Benign0.100Likely Benign-0.44Neutral0.909Possibly Damaging0.713Possibly Damaging4.27Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-35.416.04
c.953C>TP318L
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Uncertain 36-33437858-C-T31.86e-6-10.090Likely Pathogenic0.958Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.624Likely Pathogenic1.33Ambiguous0.10.26Likely Benign0.80Ambiguous0.43Likely Benign-8.96Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging1.82Pathogenic0.03Affected3.3823-3-35.416.04228.6-68.9-0.70.7-0.40.1XPotentially BenignThe cyclic five-membered pyrrolidine ring of Pro318, located in a β hairpin loop linking two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Asp330-Ala322, res. Thr305-Asn315), packs against the hydrophobic side chain of Ile205 at the end of the anti-parallel β sheet in the PH domain. In the variant simulations, the iso-butyl side chain of Leu318 is unable to do the same, potentially weakening the PH and C2 domain association. Importantly, the residue swap could also affect loop formation during folding, as proline can make tighter turns than leucine. Because the residue swap could affect the C2 domain stability, it could also negatively impact the SynGAP-membrane association.
c.1003C>TR335C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Uncertain 16-33437908-C-T16.20e-7-14.354Likely Pathogenic0.938Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.277Likely Benign0.53Ambiguous0.10.85Ambiguous0.69Ambiguous0.46Likely Benign-5.69Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging1.67Pathogenic0.01Affected3.3822-3-47.0-53.05
c.121C>TR41CLikely BenignConflicting 36-33423530-C-T74.34e-6-4.745Likely Benign0.207Likely BenignLikely Benign0.093Likely Benign-1.10Neutral0.976Probably Damaging0.919Probably Damaging4.13Benign0.00Affected4.321-4-37.0-53.05
c.1066C>TR356C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Likely Benign 16-33437971-C-T53.10e-6-11.827Likely Pathogenic0.774Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.312Likely Benign0.76Ambiguous0.01.19Ambiguous0.98Ambiguous0.84Ambiguous-7.12Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.990Probably Damaging1.67Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3922-4-37.0-53.05212.391.0-0.10.3-0.30.1XPotentially PathogenicArg356 is located in a loop that includes a short helical section and connects two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Gly341-Pro349, res. Thr359-Pro364). In the WT simulations, the guanidinium group of Arg356 alternately forms salt bridges with the carboxylate groups of the GAP domain residues, Glu446 and Glu698. Arg356 also forms hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of the GAP domain residue Thr691 and interacts with Met409 at the C2-GAP interface.In the variant simulations, the Cys356 mutation fails to maintain any of the Arg356 interactions and only occasionally forms weak hydrogen bonds with nearby C2 domain residues (e.g., Gln407). Although no negative structural effects are observed during the simulations, Arg356 is located at the C2 and GAP domain interface, making the residue swap potentially detrimental to the tertiary structure assembly.
c.1213C>TR405C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Conflicting 26-33438118-C-T63.72e-6-9.206Likely Pathogenic0.713Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.427Likely Benign0.72Ambiguous0.11.51Ambiguous1.12Ambiguous1.21Destabilizing-7.27Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging3.61Benign0.02Affected3.3828-4-37.0-53.05221.382.6-0.10.0-0.20.3XXPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg405, located in an anti-parallel β sheet strand of the C2 domain (res. Ala399-Ile411), forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of the Glu446 side chain from an opposing α helix (res. Val441-Ser457) in the GAP domain. The positively charged Arg405 side chain also stacks with the aromatic ring of the Phe358 side chain from a loop preceding the β strand (res. Thr359-Thr366), which could assist in maintaining the anti-parallel strand arrangement.In the variant simulations, the thiol-containing side chain of Cys405 is neutral and smaller compared to the arginine side chain. The lack of Arg405-Phe358 stacking affects the loop structure, causing it to assume a β strand form—an effect that could be exacerbated during protein folding. Moreover, the inability of Cys405 to form a salt bridge with Glu446 could affect the tertiary structure assembly, although this is not apparent based on the variant simulations.
c.1453C>TR485C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 26-33438485-C-T95.58e-6-14.294Likely Pathogenic0.976Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.597Likely Pathogenic1.00Ambiguous0.10.26Likely Benign0.63Ambiguous0.44Likely Benign-7.96Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging1.90Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-4-37.0-53.05225.599.6-0.10.0-0.30.2XUncertainThe guanidinium group of Arg485 is located in a short helical structure (res. Glu480-Leu482) within an α-α loop connecting the two α-helices (res. Ala461-Phe476 and Leu489-Glu519) at the GAP-Ras interface. The side chain of Arg485 acts as the “arginine finger” of SynGAP, playing a crucial role in Ras-GTPase activation. Consequently, the residue swap inhibits the conversion of GTP to GDP at the enzyme’s active site. Although no negative effects on the protein structure are observed during the simulations, no definite conclusions can be drawn due to the critical role of Arg485 in GTPase activation.
c.2206C>TR736CConflicting 36-33441671-C-T84.96e-6-7.113In-Between0.120Likely BenignLikely Benign0.190Likely Benign-2.06Neutral0.999Probably Damaging0.825Possibly Damaging2.48Pathogenic0.00Affected4.073-4-37.0-53.05
c.1723C>TR575C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPConflicting 36-33440775-C-T231.43e-5-11.179Likely Pathogenic0.630Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.715Likely Pathogenic1.39Ambiguous0.20.50Ambiguous0.95Ambiguous0.73Ambiguous-5.43Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging-1.30Pathogenic0.02Affected3.3735-4-37.0-53.05227.799.20.00.00.00.1XPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg575, located in an α-helix (res. Arg563-Glu578), forms salt bridges with the carboxylate groups of Asp463 and Asp467, and it also hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of Ser466 on an opposing α-helix (res. Ala461-Phe476) in the WT simulations. In the variant simulations, the thiol group of the Cys575 side chain, which is neither positively charged nor particularly hydrophilic, packs against the hydrophobic Met470 on an opposing α-helix (res. Ala461-Arg475). Additionally, although the thiol group is not an effective hydrogen bonder, the Cys575 side chain rotates to hydrogen bond with the backbone carbonyl group of Ser571 in the same α-helix, which could theoretically lower the helix integrity. Overall, the residue swap has the potential to substantially affect the tertiary structure assembly during the protein folding process.
c.1786C>TR596C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPConflicting 26-33440838-C-T63.72e-6-10.805Likely Pathogenic0.972Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.633Likely Pathogenic2.94Destabilizing0.01.49Ambiguous2.22Destabilizing-0.03Likely Benign-7.96Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.41Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-4-37.0-53.05230.797.9-0.10.0-0.30.4XXPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg596, located in an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603), forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu495 from another α helix (res. Leu489-Glu519). In the WT simulations, the side chain of Arg596 hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of Asn487, Glu486, Arg485, and Phe484. Additionally, Arg596 can hydrogen bond with the carboxamide group of the Asn487 side chain on an opposing loop that links two α helices (res. Ala461-Arg475, res. Leu489-Glu519).In the variant simulations, the thiol group of the Cys596 side chain is unable to form salt bridges or any of the hydrogen bonds that the Arg596 side chain can. Thus, the residue swap could affect the tertiary structure assembly more profoundly than observed in the simulations. Notably, Arg596 plays a key role in positioning the aforementioned loop, which is crucial for the placement of the “arginine finger” or the Arg485 side chain during RasGTPase activation.
c.2353C>TR785CLikely PathogenicSH3-binding motifUncertain 16-33442905-C-T291.80e-5-5.887Likely Benign0.662Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.126Likely Benign-5.06Deleterious0.144Benign0.046Benign2.22Pathogenic0.00Affected3.646-4-37.0-53.05
c.2443C>TR815CLikely PathogenicSH3-binding motifUncertain 16-33442995-C-T53.10e-6-9.373Likely Pathogenic0.828Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.174Likely Benign-3.89Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging2.59Benign0.00Affected4.324-4-37.0-53.05
c.2560C>TR854CLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443112-C-T31.86e-6-5.082Likely Benign0.170Likely BenignLikely Benign0.174Likely Benign-2.48Neutral1.000Probably Damaging0.947Probably Damaging4.05Benign0.01Affected3.883-3-47.0-53.05
c.2668C>TR890CBenign 16-33443220-C-T95.58e-6-5.786Likely Benign0.402AmbiguousLikely Benign0.200Likely Benign-3.38Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.971Probably Damaging3.94Benign0.04Affected4.324-4-37.0-53.05
c.2713C>TR905CConflicting 26-33443265-C-T159.31e-6-5.578Likely Benign0.723Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.194Likely Benign-3.14Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.980Probably Damaging2.57Benign0.01Affected3.775-4-37.0-53.05
c.3055C>TR1019CLikely PathogenicConflicting 26-33443607-C-T106.19e-6-7.386In-Between0.646Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.168Likely Benign-4.00Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.880Possibly Damaging2.36Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-4-37.0-53.0510.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.3307C>TR1103CUncertain 16-33443859-C-T63.92e-6-2.440Likely Benign0.246Likely BenignLikely Benign0.140Likely Benign-3.01Deleterious0.996Probably Damaging0.787Possibly Damaging2.41Pathogenic0.01Affected3.775-3-47.0-53.05
c.3820C>TR1274CUncertain 16-33447868-C-T-6.467Likely Benign0.439AmbiguousLikely Benign0.170Likely Benign-5.22Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.996Probably Damaging2.46Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-4-37.0-53.05
c.3922C>TR1308CConflicting 26-33451796-C-T42.48e-6-4.994Likely Benign0.421AmbiguousLikely Benign0.352Likely Benign-4.89Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.993Probably Damaging2.31Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-4-37.0-53.05
c.484C>TR162CPathogenic 2-8.157Likely Pathogenic0.787Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.150Likely Benign-2.05Neutral0.988Probably Damaging0.513Possibly Damaging4.00Benign0.11Tolerated3.744-4-37.0-53.05
c.772C>TR258C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Uncertain 16-33437677-C-T16.20e-7-10.285Likely Pathogenic0.790Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.771Likely Pathogenic1.17Ambiguous0.41.76Ambiguous1.47Ambiguous0.87Ambiguous-6.79Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.993Probably Damaging5.77Benign0.00Affected3.3915-3-47.0-53.05
c.961C>TR321C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Conflicting 26-33437866-C-T95.58e-6-10.025Likely Pathogenic0.387AmbiguousLikely Benign0.495Likely Benign0.57Ambiguous0.10.56Ambiguous0.57Ambiguous0.18Likely Benign-4.59Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging1.89Pathogenic0.01Affected3.3823-3-47.0-53.05
c.877C>TR293C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Uncertain 16-33437782-C-T31.86e-6-12.844Likely Pathogenic0.985Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.579Likely Pathogenic1.38Ambiguous0.10.62Ambiguous1.00Ambiguous0.02Likely Benign-7.35Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging1.46Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3823-4-37.0-53.05226.096.50.00.00.10.1XXXPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of the Arg293 side chain, located in an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Met289-Pro298), packs against the phenol ring of the Tyr281 side chain or forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu283 on the outer side of the C2 domain. The positively charged guanidinium side chain of arginine is on the outside surface of the hydrophobic C2 domain, resulting in a twist in the β strand. Although this twist is maintained in the variant simulations, replacing the positively charged residue with a more hydrophobic one, such as cysteine, could remove the twist during protein folding.Because Arg293 is positioned at the C2 and PH domain interface, the residue swap could significantly impact the tertiary structure assembly. Notably, Arg293 is located at the SynGAP-Ras interface, and its role in complex formation cannot be fully understood through solvent-only simulations.
c.895C>TR299C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Conflicting 26-33437800-C-T31.86e-6-6.326Likely Benign0.572Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.344Likely Benign1.85Ambiguous0.40.61Ambiguous1.23Ambiguous0.76Ambiguous-3.54Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging1.65Pathogenic0.06Tolerated3.3919-4-37.0-53.05210.791.30.10.00.00.2XXPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg299, located in a β hairpin loop linking two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Met289-Pro298, res. Thr305-Asn315), forms hydrogen bonds that stabilize the tight turn. In the WT simulations, the Arg299 side chain hydrogen bonds with the loop backbone carbonyl groups (e.g., Ser302, Thr305, Leu274, Gly303), the hydroxyl group of Ser300, and even forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Asp304.In the variant simulations, the thiol group of the Cys299 side chain is unable to form any of these well-coordinated or strong interactions, which could affect the initial formation of the secondary hairpin loop during folding. β hairpins are potential nucleation sites during the initial stages of protein folding, so even minor changes in them could be significant. Moreover, the positively charged Arg299 side chain faces the polar head group region of the inner leaflet membrane and could directly anchor the C2 domain to the membrane. In short, the residue swap could negatively affect both protein folding and the stability of the SynGAP-membrane association.
c.2216A>TE739VLikely BenignUncertain 1-3.136Likely Benign0.274Likely BenignLikely Benign0.085Likely Benign-1.86Neutral0.891Possibly Damaging0.575Possibly Damaging2.47Pathogenic0.00Affected4.322-2-27.7-29.98
c.2741A>TD914VLikely BenignUncertain 1-4.260Likely Benign0.723Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.187Likely Benign-2.24Neutral0.999Probably Damaging0.986Probably Damaging2.64Benign0.01Affected3.775-3-27.7-15.96
c.3653A>TE1218VLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilUncertain 2-5.647Likely Benign0.936Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.418Likely Benign-5.68Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging2.21Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-2-27.7-29.98
c.662A>TE221V
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicPHLikely Pathogenic 1-14.954Likely Pathogenic0.987Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.875Likely Pathogenic-0.66Ambiguous0.2-0.89Ambiguous-0.78Ambiguous0.49Likely Benign-5.54Deleterious0.596Possibly Damaging0.203Benign5.86Benign0.00Affected3.4113-2-27.7-29.98234.550.60.00.0-0.40.2XUncertainThe introduced residue Val221 is located on the outer surface of an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Cys219-Thr224). Unlike the carboxylate group of Glu221, Val221 cannot form hydrogen bonds with Thr223 or a salt bridge with the amino group of the Lys207 side chain. Despite this, the WT simulations containing Glu221 do not show significant differences compared to the variant simulations. However, since the model ends abruptly at the N-terminus, no definite conclusions can be drawn from the simulations.
c.1667A>TN556I
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Benign 16-33438910-A-T-13.391Likely Pathogenic0.929Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.761Likely Pathogenic0.64Ambiguous0.00.17Likely Benign0.41Likely Benign0.26Likely Benign-7.52Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging-1.35Pathogenic0.02Affected3.3735-3-28.0-0.94
c.1718G>TR573L
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-13.120Likely Pathogenic0.993Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.833Likely Pathogenic1.30Ambiguous0.61.11Ambiguous1.21Ambiguous0.80Ambiguous-5.74Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging-1.41Pathogenic0.01Affected3.3735-3-28.3-43.03237.460.70.00.0-0.70.3XXPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg573, located in an α-helix (res. Arg563-Glu578), forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate groups of Glu582 and/or Asp586 from a nearby α-helix (res. Glu582-Met603) in the WT simulations. Additionally, the Arg573 side chain stacks planarly with the aromatic phenol ring of Tyr665 and hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of Ser668 from another α-helix (res. Ser641-Ser668). In the variant simulations, the aliphatic iso-butyl group of the Leu573 side chain fails to establish any of these interactions, which, in turn, lowers the integrity of the opposing α-helix end (res. Glu582-Met603). Overall, the residue swap has the potential to substantially affect the tertiary structure assembly during the protein folding process.10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.1787G>TR596L
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-13.197Likely Pathogenic0.992Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.756Likely Pathogenic1.51Ambiguous0.3-0.58Ambiguous0.47Likely Benign-0.02Likely Benign-6.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.45Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-3-28.3-43.03234.263.4-0.10.0-0.50.6XXPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg596, located in an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603), forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu495 from another α helix (res. Leu489-Glu519). In the WT simulations, the side chain of Arg596 hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of Asn487, Glu486, Arg485, and Phe484. Additionally, Arg596 can hydrogen bond with the carboxamide group of the Asn487 side chain on an opposing loop that links two α helices (res. Ala461-Arg475, res. Leu489-Glu519).However, in the variant simulations, the branched hydrocarbon side chain of Leu596 cannot form any of the hydrogen bonds or salt bridges maintained by the considerably bulkier and positively charged Arg596 side chain. Instead, Leu596 packs hydrophobically with the phenyl ring of Phe484 in the linker loop or residues from the opposing helix (e.g., Ile494, Thr491).Thus, the residue swap could affect the tertiary structure assembly more profoundly than observed in the simulations. Notably, Arg596 plays a key role in positioning the aforementioned loop, which is crucial for the placement of the “arginine finger” or the Arg485 side chain during RasGTPase activation.10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.233G>TR78LLikely BenignUncertain 1-3.389Likely Benign0.635Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.062Likely Benign-1.59Neutral0.385Benign0.021Benign3.84Benign0.00Affected-3-28.3-43.03
c.2444G>TR815LLikely PathogenicSH3-binding motifUncertain 1-8.546Likely Pathogenic0.865Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.175Likely Benign-3.06Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.997Probably Damaging2.63Benign0.03Affected4.324-2-38.3-43.03
c.2900G>TR967LLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443452-G-T16.20e-7-3.496Likely Benign0.164Likely BenignLikely Benign0.123Likely Benign-0.99Neutral0.959Probably Damaging0.586Possibly Damaging4.15Benign0.75Tolerated4.322-2-38.3-43.03
c.3056G>TR1019LLikely PathogenicUncertain 16-33443608-G-T21.24e-6-5.194Likely Benign0.752Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.110Likely Benign-3.57Deleterious0.800Possibly Damaging0.573Possibly Damaging2.40Pathogenic0.01Affected3.775-2-38.3-43.03
c.3059G>TR1020LUncertain 1-6.031Likely Benign0.907Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.216Likely Benign-4.03Deleterious0.990Probably Damaging0.921Probably Damaging2.50Benign0.00Affected3.775-3-28.3-43.03
c.311G>TR104LLikely BenignBenign 16-33432176-G-T16.20e-7-3.563Likely Benign0.578Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.170Likely Benign-1.38Neutral0.001Benign0.002Benign4.05Benign0.00Affected4.321-2-38.3-43.03
c.3308G>TR1103LLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443860-G-T-2.330Likely Benign0.205Likely BenignLikely Benign0.173Likely Benign-2.35Neutral0.002Benign0.005Benign2.44Pathogenic0.02Affected3.775-3-28.3-43.03
c.3824G>TR1275LLikely Benign 16-33447872-G-T16.45e-7-6.052Likely Benign0.446AmbiguousLikely Benign0.117Likely Benign-4.04Deleterious0.800Possibly Damaging0.277Benign2.55Benign0.01Affected3.775-3-28.3-43.03

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