SynGap Missense Server

Table of SynGAP1 Isoform α2 (UniProt Q96PV0-1) Missense Variants.

c.dna Variant SGM Consensus Domain ClinVar gnomAD ESM1b AlphaMissense REVEL FoldX Rosetta Foldetta PremPS PROVEAN PolyPhen-2 HumDiv PolyPhen-2 HumVar FATHMM SIFT PAM Physical SASA Normalized B-factor backbone Normalized B-factor sidechain SynGAP Structural Annotation DOI
Clinical Status Review Subm. ID Allele count Allele freq. LLR score Prediction Pathogenicity Class Optimized Score Prediction Average ΔΔG Prediction StdDev ΔΔG Prediction ΔΔG Prediction ΔΔG Prediction Score Prediction pph2_prob Prediction pph2_prob Prediction Nervous System Score Prediction Prediction Status Conservation Sequences PAM250 PAM120 Hydropathy Δ MW Δ Average Δ Δ StdDev Δ StdDev Secondary Tertiary bonds Inside out GAP-Ras interface At membrane No effect MD Alert Verdict Description
c.103G>AV35ILikely BenignUncertain 16-33423512-G-A53.10e-6-3.764Likely Benign0.081Likely BenignLikely Benign0.017Likely Benign-0.32Neutral0.672Possibly Damaging0.369Benign4.16Benign0.00Affected4.321340.314.03
c.106C>TH36YLikely BenignUncertain 16-33423515-C-T21.24e-6-3.461Likely Benign0.139Likely BenignLikely Benign0.023Likely Benign-1.03Neutral0.219Benign0.066Benign4.16Benign0.00Affected4.321021.926.03
c.113C>TP38LLikely BenignConflicting 46-33423522-C-T84.96e-6-2.469Likely Benign0.197Likely BenignLikely Benign0.141Likely Benign-2.56Deleterious0.983Probably Damaging0.931Probably Damaging4.02Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-35.416.04
c.1147G>TG383W
(3D Viewer)
C2Uncertain 16-33438052-G-T16.22e-7-10.161Likely Pathogenic0.439AmbiguousLikely Benign0.469Likely Benign5.81Destabilizing3.64.44Destabilizing5.13Destabilizing0.08Likely Benign-1.01Neutral0.959Probably Damaging0.704Possibly Damaging4.09Benign0.00Affected4.327-2-7-0.5129.16
c.121C>TR41CLikely BenignConflicting 36-33423530-C-T74.34e-6-4.745Likely Benign0.207Likely BenignLikely Benign0.093Likely Benign-1.10Neutral0.976Probably Damaging0.919Probably Damaging4.13Benign0.00Affected4.321-4-37.0-53.05
c.1066C>TR356C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Likely Benign 16-33437971-C-T53.10e-6-11.827Likely Pathogenic0.774Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.312Likely Benign0.76Ambiguous0.01.19Ambiguous0.98Ambiguous0.84Ambiguous-7.12Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.990Probably Damaging1.67Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3922-4-37.0-53.05212.391.0-0.10.3-0.30.1XPotentially PathogenicArg356 is located in a loop that includes a short helical section and connects two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Gly341-Pro349, res. Thr359-Pro364). In the WT simulations, the guanidinium group of Arg356 alternately forms salt bridges with the carboxylate groups of the GAP domain residues, Glu446 and Glu698. Arg356 also forms hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of the GAP domain residue Thr691 and interacts with Met409 at the C2-GAP interface.In the variant simulations, the Cys356 mutation fails to maintain any of the Arg356 interactions and only occasionally forms weak hydrogen bonds with nearby C2 domain residues (e.g., Gln407). Although no negative structural effects are observed during the simulations, Arg356 is located at the C2 and GAP domain interface, making the residue swap potentially detrimental to the tertiary structure assembly.
c.1084T>CW362R
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Pathogenic 2-14.004Likely Pathogenic1.000Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.706Likely Pathogenic2.64Destabilizing0.33.90Destabilizing3.27Destabilizing1.10Destabilizing-12.87Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.996Probably Damaging1.28Pathogenic0.00Affected3.39242-3-3.6-30.03287.5-34.1-0.20.1-0.60.2XXXPotentially PathogenicThe indole ring of Trp362, located on the surface of an anti-parallel β sheet (res. Thr359-Pro364) in the C2 domain, stacks with nearby residues (e.g., Arg401, Arg272). In the variant simulations, the guanidinium group of the introduced residue Arg362 forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu273 and, like Trp362, stacks with other arginine residues (e.g., Arg401, Arg272). This residue is at both the C2-membrane interface and the C2-RasGTPase interface, so the residue swap could potentially affect both interactions. However, these phenomena cannot be addressed using solvent-only simulations. Notably, Arg272, which stacks with both the non-mutated Trp362 and the mutated Arg362, forms a salt bridge directly with Asp105 of Ras in the WT simulations. Therefore, the residue swap could affect the C2 domain stability, the SynGAP-membrane association, and the SynGAP-Ras association.10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.1118G>TG373V
(3D Viewer)
Likely BenignC2Uncertain 16-33438023-G-T65.03e-6-6.062Likely Benign0.112Likely BenignLikely Benign0.428Likely Benign5.32Destabilizing3.20.82Ambiguous3.07Destabilizing0.09Likely Benign-0.98Neutral0.007Benign0.001Benign3.90Benign0.00Affected3.5316-1-34.642.08207.6-68.11.91.1-0.60.1UncertainGly373 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364, res. Ala399-Ile411). Because the Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, it moves arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. The Ω loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play major roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like valine are rarely tolerated. Although no negative structural effects are observed in the variant simulations, Val373 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. However, since the effect on the Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn.
c.127G>AG43SLikely BenignUncertain 26-33423536-G-A16.20e-7-3.301Likely Benign0.078Likely BenignLikely Benign0.057Likely Benign-0.30Neutral0.162Benign0.096Benign4.29Benign0.00Affected4.32110-0.430.03
c.1352T>CL451P
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-14.549Likely Pathogenic1.000Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.750Likely Pathogenic6.92Destabilizing0.28.57Destabilizing7.75Destabilizing2.58Destabilizing-6.81Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.43Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3734-3-3-5.4-16.04
c.136C>TP46SLikely BenignUncertain 1-3.338Likely Benign0.302Likely BenignLikely Benign0.066Likely Benign-0.60Neutral0.909Possibly Damaging0.901Possibly Damaging4.15Benign0.00Affected1-10.8-10.04
c.13C>GR5GLikely BenignUncertain 1-3.639Likely Benign0.150Likely BenignLikely Benign0.169Likely Benign-0.16Neutral0.013Benign0.003Benign4.12Benign0.00Affected4.321-2-34.1-99.14
c.1154C>GS385W
(3D Viewer)
C2Benign 16-33438059-C-G-9.353Likely Pathogenic0.362AmbiguousLikely Benign0.373Likely Benign0.53Ambiguous0.20.69Ambiguous0.61Ambiguous0.00Likely Benign-0.84Neutral0.986Probably Damaging0.968Probably Damaging4.63Benign0.00Affected4.323-2-3-0.199.14260.4-71.20.51.30.70.4UncertainSer385 is located in the Gly-rich Ω loop (res. Pro364-Pro398) between two anti-parallel β sheet strands (res. Thr359-Pro364, res. Ala399-Ile411). Because the Ω loop is assumed to directly interact with the membrane, it moves arbitrarily throughout the WT solvent simulations. The Ω loop potentially plays a crucial role in the SynGAP-membrane complex association, stability, and dynamics. However, this aspect cannot be fully addressed through solvent simulations alone.Ω loops are known to play major roles in protein functions that require flexibility, and thus hydrophobic residues like tryptophan are rarely tolerated. Although no major negative structural effects are observed in the variant simulations, Trp385 may exert drastic effects on the SynGAP-membrane complex dynamics and stability. However, since the effects on Gly-rich Ω loop dynamics can only be studied through the SynGAP-membrane complex, no definite conclusions can be drawn.10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.140G>AR47QLikely BenignLikely Benign 16-33423549-G-A42.48e-6-4.989Likely Benign0.347AmbiguousLikely Benign0.096Likely Benign-0.57Neutral0.829Possibly Damaging0.614Possibly Damaging4.12Benign0.00Affected4.321111.0-28.0610.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.1453C>AR485S
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-15.603Likely Pathogenic0.998Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.609Likely Pathogenic0.40Likely Benign0.11.07Ambiguous0.74Ambiguous0.82Ambiguous-5.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging1.93Pathogenic0.00Affected0-13.7-69.11
c.1454G>AR485H
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Benign 16-33438486-G-A138.05e-6-13.628Likely Pathogenic0.948Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.618Likely Pathogenic0.77Ambiguous0.10.12Likely Benign0.45Likely Benign1.13Destabilizing-4.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging1.93Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735021.3-19.05
c.1463C>TT488M
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 16-33438495-C-T21.24e-6-12.459Likely Pathogenic0.973Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.746Likely Pathogenic0.66Ambiguous0.31.62Ambiguous1.14Ambiguous0.46Likely Benign-5.70Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging3.21Benign0.00Affected3.3735-1-12.630.09
c.1199T>AV400E
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Uncertain 1-13.686Likely Pathogenic0.998Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.810Likely Pathogenic3.70Destabilizing0.22.46Destabilizing3.08Destabilizing2.29Destabilizing-4.88Deleterious0.920Possibly Damaging0.335Benign5.31Benign0.00Affected3.3827-2-2-7.729.98249.1-38.8-0.10.11.00.0XXXPotentially PathogenicThe iso-propyl side chain of Val400, located in an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Ala399-Ile411), hydrophobically packs against hydrophobic residues within the anti-parallel β sheet of the C2 domain (e.g., Ile268, Ala404, Leu325, Leu402). In the variant simulations, the negatively charged carboxylate group of the Glu400 side chain is not suitable for occupying the hydrophobic niche. Consequently, the side chain escapes the center of the C2 domain and interacts with the backbone amide groups of Leu402 in the same β strand and/or Ile269 and Glu270 in a neighboring β strand (res. Arg259-Arg272). This residue swap disrupts the hydrophobic packing and generally has extensive negative effects on the C2 domain structure. At a minimum, the residue swap could affect the C2 domain stability and membrane association.
c.1205T>GL402R
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicC2Likely Pathogenic1-13.800Likely Pathogenic0.997Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.522Likely Pathogenic4.10Destabilizing0.23.82Destabilizing3.96Destabilizing2.24Destabilizing-4.69Deleterious0.967Probably Damaging0.459Possibly Damaging3.69Benign0.00Affected3.3828-3-2-8.343.03259.5-55.40.00.01.40.0XXXPotentially PathogenicThe iso-butyl side chain of Leu402, located in an anti-parallel β sheet strand (res. Ala399-Ile411), packs with residues inside the hydrophobic core of the C2 domain (e.g., Ile268, Ala404, Leu266, Val400). In the variant simulations, the positively charged guanidinium group of the Arg402 side chain is not suitable for the hydrophobic niche. Consequently, the side chain moves outward from the hydrophobic C2 domain core and stacks with the phenol ring of Tyr363 or forms H-bonds with the carboxamide group of the Gln361 side chain in the β sheet strand (res. Thr359-Tyr364). This movement induces extensive negative effects on the C2 domain structure.
c.1493T>GM498R
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-8.812Likely Pathogenic0.988Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.869Likely Pathogenic3.85Destabilizing0.22.35Destabilizing3.10Destabilizing1.76Destabilizing-4.53Deleterious0.464Possibly Damaging0.120Benign-1.36Pathogenic0.00Affected0-1-6.424.99
c.1513T>CY505H
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-11.383Likely Pathogenic0.982Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.646Likely Pathogenic2.91Destabilizing0.12.88Destabilizing2.90Destabilizing1.60Destabilizing-4.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.64Benign0.00Affected3.373520-1.9-26.03
c.1259T>CF420S
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-13.231Likely Pathogenic1.000Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.544Likely Pathogenic5.34Destabilizing0.15.73Destabilizing5.54Destabilizing2.14Destabilizing-7.43Deleterious0.998Probably Damaging0.938Probably Damaging3.09Benign0.00Affected3.3729-3-2-3.6-60.10213.357.80.00.0-0.40.1XPotentially PathogenicIn the WT, the phenyl ring of the Phe420 side chain, located on an α helix (res. Met414-Glu436), packs against hydrophobic residues in the interhelix area of the GAP domain (e.g., Leu689, Leu714, Leu717, Leu718). Although no large-scale adverse effects are seen in the variant simulations, the polar hydroxyl group of Ser420 is not suitable for the hydrophobic inter-helix space. Thus, the residue swap could affect protein folding. In theory, the introduced hydroxyl group could also lower the α helix integrity by H-bonding with the backbone atoms of neighboring residues in the same α helix. However, no such effect is seen in the variant simulations.
c.1513T>GY505D
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-14.078Likely Pathogenic0.993Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.718Likely Pathogenic4.98Destabilizing0.14.72Destabilizing4.85Destabilizing2.49Destabilizing-9.95Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.60Benign0.00Affected3.3735-3-4-2.2-48.09
c.1540A>TI514F
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-13.383Likely Pathogenic0.962Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.601Likely Pathogenic2.35Destabilizing0.33.74Destabilizing3.05Destabilizing0.93Ambiguous-3.98Deleterious0.997Probably Damaging0.993Probably Damaging2.89Benign0.00Affected3.373501-1.734.02
c.1559C>TS520F
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-12.541Likely Pathogenic0.999Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.833Likely Pathogenic-1.20Ambiguous0.40.39Likely Benign-0.41Likely Benign0.25Likely Benign-5.57Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.996Probably Damaging-1.36Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-2-33.660.10
c.155C>TS52LUncertain 16-33423564-C-T16.20e-7-7.199In-Between0.688Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.087Likely Benign-1.41Neutral0.829Possibly Damaging0.706Possibly Damaging4.10Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-24.626.08
c.1304T>GL435W
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-14.889Likely Pathogenic0.992Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.572Likely Pathogenic2.11Destabilizing0.10.69Ambiguous1.40Ambiguous1.66Destabilizing-5.63Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging3.15Benign0.00Affected3.3729-2-2-4.773.05242.2-25.20.00.00.30.1XPotentially PathogenicThe iso-butyl side chain of Leu435, located in an α helix (res. Met414-Glu436), packs against other hydrophobic residues in an interhelix space (e.g., Val699, Val447, Leu489, Leu439) in the WT simulations. In the variant simulations, the indole ring of Trp435 fits into the same niche despite its considerably bulkier size. Additionally, the side chain forms an H-bond with the backbone carbonyl of Leu696 in an α helix (res. Asp684-Gln702). Although no apparent negative changes are observed during the variant simulation, the size difference between the swapped residues could affect the protein folding process.
c.1354G>TV452F
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-14.769Likely Pathogenic0.975Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.511Likely Pathogenic9.21Destabilizing0.10.37Likely Benign4.79Destabilizing0.61Ambiguous-4.94Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.993Probably Damaging3.29Benign0.00Affected3.3734-1-1-1.448.04249.4-35.70.00.00.40.1XPotentially PathogenicThe iso-propyl side chain of Val452, located in the middle of an α helix (res. Val441-Ser457), packs against hydrophobic residues in the inter-helix space at the intersection of three α helices (e.g., Leu500, His453, Leu465). In the variant simulations, the larger side chain of Phe452 cannot pack against the opposing α helix (res. Leu489-Glu519) as efficiently as valine. Due to space restrictions, the phenol ring adjusts to make room by rotating slightly sideways in the inter-helix space. Besides this small and local shift, no large-scale effects on the protein structure are seen based on the simulations. However, the size difference between the swapped residues could affect the protein folding process.
c.163C>AQ55KLikely BenignUncertain 26-33423572-C-A241.49e-5-5.840Likely Benign0.612Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.085Likely Benign-1.21Neutral0.140Benign0.184Benign3.91Benign0.00Affected4.32111-0.40.04
c.1394T>CL465P
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-14.824Likely Pathogenic1.000Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.778Likely Pathogenic7.18Destabilizing0.310.85Destabilizing9.02Destabilizing2.73Destabilizing-6.96Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.29Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3734-3-3-5.4-16.04211.165.90.10.0-0.20.0XPotentially PathogenicThe iso-butyl side chain of Leu465, located in the middle of an α helix (res. Ala461–Phe476), packs with hydrophobic residues (e.g., Phe464, Met468, Tyr497, Ile494) in an inter-helix space formed with two other α helices (res. Ala461–Phe476 and res. Thr488-Gly502). In the variant simulations, the cyclic five-membered pyrrolidine ring of Pro465 is not as optimal as the side chain of Leu465 for filling the three α helix hydrophobic niche. Although the residue swap does not cause a large-scale conformational shift during the simulations, the H-bond between the backbone amide group of Leu465 and the backbone carbonyl group of Ala461 is lost. This, in turn, breaks the continuity of the α helix secondary structure element.
c.169C>TL57FLikely BenignUncertain 2-5.096Likely Benign0.459AmbiguousLikely Benign0.051Likely Benign-0.78Neutral0.824Possibly Damaging0.879Possibly Damaging3.96Benign0.00Affected4.32120-1.034.02
c.1423C>TR475W
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 16-33438455-C-T16.20e-7-13.235Likely Pathogenic0.962Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.725Likely Pathogenic1.44Ambiguous0.4-0.92Ambiguous0.26Likely Benign0.56Ambiguous-7.56Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.995Probably Damaging-1.45Pathogenic0.00Affected3.39282-33.630.03266.939.60.00.00.00.1XXXPotentially PathogenicIn the WT simulations, the guanidinium group of Arg475, located near the end of an α-helix (res. Ala461-Phe476), stacks with the phenyl ring of Phe476 and forms a salt bridge with Glu472. Additionally, Arg475 occasionally forms another salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu486 on the α-α loop connecting the two α-helices (res. Ala461-Phe476 and Leu489-Glu519) at the GAP-Ras interface. Therefore, Arg475 potentially plays a key role in positioning the loop by interacting with Glu486, which is necessary for the positioning of the “arginine finger” (Arg485) and, ultimately, for RasGTPase activation.In the variant simulations, Trp475 moves and stacks with Arg479 on the proceeding α-α loop, disrupting the terminal end of the α-helix. Lastly, the potential effect of the residue swap on the SynGAP-Ras complex formation or GTPase activation cannot be fully addressed using the SynGAP solvent-only simulations.
c.1726T>CC576R
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPConflicting 2-14.886Likely Pathogenic1.000Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.579Likely Pathogenic7.20Destabilizing1.04.09Destabilizing5.65Destabilizing1.64Destabilizing-10.88Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.996Probably Damaging3.38Benign0.00Affected3.3735-3-4-7.053.05
c.172A>GM58VLikely BenignUncertain 1-2.211Likely Benign0.688Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.160Likely Benign-0.71Neutral0.006Benign0.091Benign4.19Benign0.00Affected4.321122.3-32.06
c.1763T>CL588P
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-14.771Likely Pathogenic1.000Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.932Likely Pathogenic5.61Destabilizing0.512.91Destabilizing9.26Destabilizing2.33Destabilizing-6.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging-1.42Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3834-3-3-5.4-16.04
c.1778T>CL593P
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-13.961Likely Pathogenic0.999Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.777Likely Pathogenic5.75Destabilizing0.910.77Destabilizing8.26Destabilizing2.43Destabilizing-6.77Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.77Benign0.00Affected-3-3-5.4-16.04
c.1453C>TR485C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 26-33438485-C-T95.58e-6-14.294Likely Pathogenic0.976Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.597Likely Pathogenic1.00Ambiguous0.10.26Likely Benign0.63Ambiguous0.44Likely Benign-7.96Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging1.90Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-4-37.0-53.05225.599.6-0.10.0-0.30.2XUncertainThe guanidinium group of Arg485 is located in a short helical structure (res. Glu480-Leu482) within an α-α loop connecting the two α-helices (res. Ala461-Phe476 and Leu489-Glu519) at the GAP-Ras interface. The side chain of Arg485 acts as the “arginine finger” of SynGAP, playing a crucial role in Ras-GTPase activation. Consequently, the residue swap inhibits the conversion of GTP to GDP at the enzyme’s active site. Although no negative effects on the protein structure are observed during the simulations, no definite conclusions can be drawn due to the critical role of Arg485 in GTPase activation.
c.1466T>CL489P
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPConflicting 2-13.520Likely Pathogenic0.997Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.939Likely Pathogenic2.50Destabilizing0.14.69Destabilizing3.60Destabilizing1.73Destabilizing-6.74Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging-1.56Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-3-3-5.4-16.04209.961.90.10.00.60.1XPotentially PathogenicThe iso-butyl side chain of Leu489, located in the α-helix (res. Leu489-Glu519) within an inter-helix space of four helices (res. Ala461-Phe476, res. Val441-Ser457, and res. Met414-Glu436), packs with hydrophobic residues (e.g., Cys432, Ala448, Lys444, Ala493, Val447, Met468). In the variant simulations, Pro489 is located near the beginning of the α-helix, so the residue swap with Leu489 does not affect the continuity of the secondary structure element. However, the side chain of proline is not as optimal as that of leucine for maintaining hydrophobic packing with nearby residues (e.g., Ala448, Lys444). Additionally, the consistently maintained hydrogen bond interaction between the backbone amide group of Leu489 and the carbonyl of Glu436 is lost due to the residue swap, potentially affecting the tertiary structure integrity.
c.1784T>AL595Q
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-15.101Likely Pathogenic0.984Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.733Likely Pathogenic0.79Ambiguous0.11.40Ambiguous1.10Ambiguous1.99Destabilizing-5.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.75Benign0.00Affected3.3735-2-2-7.314.97
c.1784T>CL595P
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-11.856Likely Pathogenic0.999Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.747Likely Pathogenic2.09Destabilizing0.85.88Destabilizing3.99Destabilizing1.78Destabilizing-6.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.72Benign0.00Affected3.3735-3-3-5.4-16.04
c.1481T>GI494R
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-15.758Likely Pathogenic0.995Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.911Likely Pathogenic6.71Destabilizing0.33.40Destabilizing5.06Destabilizing2.19Destabilizing-6.43Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.957Probably Damaging-1.41Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-2-3-9.043.03273.9-59.80.00.00.00.1XXXXPotentially PathogenicThe sec-butyl side chain of Ile494, located in an α-helix (res. Leu489-Glu519), packs against hydrophobic residues (e.g., Phe484, Leu465, Trp572, Ala493, Met468) in an inter-helix space (res. Leu489-Glu519 and res. Ala461-Phe476). In the variant simulations, the bulkier and positively charged residue, Arg494, weakens the integrity of the opposing helix. Additionally, the bulkier Arg494 stacks with Phe484, causing the α-helices to move farther apart to accommodate it. This mutation could have substantial negative effects due to the fundamental role of hydrophobic packing, which is disrupted by Arg494 during protein folding.
c.182A>CE61ALikely BenignUncertain 1-5.235Likely Benign0.453AmbiguousLikely Benign0.074Likely Benign-1.52Neutral0.458Possibly Damaging0.678Possibly Damaging4.12Benign0.00Affected0-15.3-58.04
c.1505G>AG502D
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-14.796Likely Pathogenic0.994Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.915Likely Pathogenic3.79Destabilizing0.95.69Destabilizing4.74Destabilizing1.38Destabilizing-6.80Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.977Probably Damaging-1.66Pathogenic0.00Affected3.37351-1-3.158.04224.2-80.0-0.80.70.60.3XXXPotentially PathogenicGly502 is located in a hinge in the middle of an α-helix (res. Leu489-Glu519). In the WT, Gly502 acts as an α-helix breaker due to its lack of a side chain, facilitating a bend in the middle of the α-helix. In the variant simulations, the carboxylate group of Asp502 forms hydrogen bonds with neighboring residues (e.g., Ser677, Lys504), disrupting the hinge. Additionally, Asp502 struggles to fit into the α-helix hinge and cannot generate a similar bend as Gly502, which would drastically affect the secondary structure during folding. Thus, the deleterious effect seen in the simulations is likely an underestimate of the impact of the residue swap on the protein structure during protein folding.
c.1517T>CL506P
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic1-12.088Likely Pathogenic0.998Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.737Likely Pathogenic5.48Destabilizing0.710.19Destabilizing7.84Destabilizing2.50Destabilizing-6.96Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging1.55Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-3-3-5.4-16.04182.664.90.10.00.20.1XPotentially PathogenicLeu506 is located in the middle of an α-helix (res. Gly502-Tyr518) within the inter-helix space of two helices (res. Gly502-Tyr518 and res. Glu582-Met603). In the WT simulations, the iso-butyl side chain of Leu506 hydrophobically packs with residues in the inter-helix space (e.g., Ile510, Phe597, Leu598, Ala601). In the variant simulations, the cyclic five-membered pyrrolidine ring of Pro506 is not as optimal as Leu506 for hydrophobic packing with nearby residues. Additionally, Pro506 cannot maintain the hydrogen bond with the backbone oxygen of Gly502 as Leu506 does in the WT, which disrupts the secondary structure element.
c.1529T>GI510S
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-11.661Likely Pathogenic0.955Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.926Likely Pathogenic4.00Destabilizing0.13.78Destabilizing3.89Destabilizing2.34Destabilizing-4.63Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging-1.44Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-1-2-5.3-26.08201.445.9-0.40.20.00.3XPotentially PathogenicIle510 is located in the middle of an α-helix (res. Gly502-Tyr518) within the inter-helix space of three helices (res. Gly502-Tyr518, Ala533-Val560, and res. Glu582-Met603). In the WT simulations, the sec-butyl side chain of Ile510 hydrophobically packs with other residues in the inter-helix space (e.g., Leu506, Leu610, Ile514, Ile602, Leu598). In the variant simulations, the hydroxyl group of Ser510 forms a hydrogen bond with the backbone atoms of Leu506 and Gly511 in the same α-helix, which could further weaken the α-helix integrity. This α-helix already shows weakness in the WT simulations due to Gly511. Although the simulations do not show large-scale effects, the residue swap could have a substantial impact due to the fundamental role of hydrophobic packing during protein folding.
c.1877T>CI626TLikely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-10.420Likely Pathogenic0.946Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.640Likely Pathogenic2.94Destabilizing0.12.70Destabilizing2.82Destabilizing2.23Destabilizing-4.18Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging3.04Benign0.00Affected0-1-5.2-12.05
c.187G>AE63KLikely BenignUncertain 1-4.976Likely Benign0.894Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.103Likely Benign-0.70Neutral0.458Possibly Damaging0.678Possibly Damaging3.98Benign0.00Affected4.32110-0.4-0.94
c.187G>CE63QLikely BenignUncertain 1-4.038Likely Benign0.687Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.078Likely Benign-0.85Neutral0.659Possibly Damaging0.775Possibly Damaging3.90Benign0.00Affected4.321220.0-0.98
c.194A>GH65RLikely BenignUncertain 16-33425802-A-G16.20e-7-1.980Likely Benign0.967Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.073Likely Benign-1.60Neutral0.462Possibly Damaging0.227Benign4.19Benign0.00Affected4.32120-1.319.05
c.1579G>TD527Y
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-15.386Likely Pathogenic0.978Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.905Likely Pathogenic-0.77Ambiguous0.21.89Ambiguous0.56Ambiguous-0.14Likely Benign-8.79Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging-2.41Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-4-32.248.09270.9-45.70.10.1-0.10.0XPotentially PathogenicAsp527 is located on an α-α loop between the two α-helices (res. Gly502-Tyr518 and Ala533-Val560). In the WT simulations, the carboxylate group of the Asp527 side chain forms hydrogen bonds with the backbone atoms of loop residues (e.g., Ile529, Lys530) facing the membrane surface. In the variant simulations, Tyr527 is a bulkier residue that faces away from the loop and stacks with Phe646 in a nearby α-helix (res. Ser614-Ser668). Regardless, no negative structural effects are observed during the variant simulations. However, due to its location near the SynGAP-membrane interface, the effect of the residue swap cannot be fully addressed using the SynGAP solvent-only simulations.
c.196C>GP66ALikely BenignUncertain 1-2.845Likely Benign0.891Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.091Likely Benign-1.56Neutral0.805Possibly Damaging0.539Possibly Damaging4.04Benign0.00Affected4.3211-13.4-26.04
c.196C>TP66SLikely BenignBenign 16-33425804-C-T21.24e-6-2.760Likely Benign0.929Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.081Likely Benign-1.69Neutral0.909Possibly Damaging0.641Possibly Damaging4.01Benign0.00Affected4.3211-10.8-10.04
c.2050G>CD684H
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-14.194Likely Pathogenic0.998Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.613Likely Pathogenic3.36Destabilizing1.02.95Destabilizing3.16Destabilizing0.55Ambiguous-6.98Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.972Probably Damaging3.36Benign0.00Affected3.4217-110.322.05
c.2075T>AL692Q
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPPathogenic 1-13.873Likely Pathogenic0.998Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.596Likely Pathogenic3.24Destabilizing0.13.27Destabilizing3.26Destabilizing2.76Destabilizing-5.98Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging3.06Benign0.00Affected3.4217-2-2-7.314.97
c.2086C>GL696V
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-11.909Likely Pathogenic0.745Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.351Likely Benign2.35Destabilizing0.11.85Ambiguous2.10Destabilizing1.46Destabilizing-2.79Deleterious0.992Probably Damaging0.970Probably Damaging3.16Benign0.00Affected3.4613120.4-14.03
c.1685C>TP562L
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPPathogenic/Likely path. 106-33440737-C-T-13.438Likely Pathogenic0.996Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.829Likely Pathogenic3.54Destabilizing0.80.17Likely Benign1.86Ambiguous-0.14Likely Benign-9.95Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging0.58Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-3-35.416.04228.8-68.5-0.10.00.10.2XPotentially PathogenicPro562 is located on an α-α loop between two α-helices (res. Ala533-Val560 and res. Arg563-Glu578). The cyclic pyrrolidine side chain of Pro562 hydrophobically packs with other residues in the inter-helix space, such as Leu565, Ile501, and Phe561. In the variant simulations, Leu562 packs more favorably with the nearby hydrophobic residues, and the backbone amide group of Leu562 (absent in proline) does not form any intra-protein hydrogen bonds. However, prolines are well-suited for unstructured regions like loops, and thus, Pro562 in the WT is necessary at the end of the helix to induce a tight turn during folding. Although no negative structural effects are observed during the simulations, the residue swap could potentially cause extensive damage to the protein structure during folding.10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.1706T>CF569S
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 2-13.384Likely Pathogenic0.999Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.916Likely Pathogenic5.70Destabilizing0.15.38Destabilizing5.54Destabilizing2.45Destabilizing-7.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging-1.32Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3734-3-2-3.6-60.10213.767.9-0.10.0-1.00.1XPotentially PathogenicPhe569 is located on an α-helix (res. Arg563-Glu578). In the WT simulations, the phenyl side chain of Phe569 packs with hydrophobic residues such as Trp572, Leu565, Ile589, Ile667, and Phe561, originating from three different α-helices (res. Ala533-Val560, res. Arg563-Glu578, and res. Ser641-Glu666). In the variant simulations, the acceptor/donor hydroxyl group of Ser569 forms hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl groups of Glu567 and Lys566 on the same α-helix, which could affect the α-helix integrity, although this is not observed in the simulations. While the simulations do not show large-scale effects, the residue swap could have a substantial impact on the protein structure due to the fundamental role of hydrophobic packing during protein folding.
c.1714T>CW572R
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPNot provided1-17.511Likely Pathogenic1.000Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.894Likely Pathogenic4.84Destabilizing0.16.19Destabilizing5.52Destabilizing1.79Destabilizing-12.81Deleterious-1.25Pathogenic0.00Affected3.37352-3-3.6-30.03312.6-37.60.00.0-1.00.0XXPotentially PathogenicThe indole ring of Trp572, located in an α-helix (res. Arg563-Glu578), lies in a hydrophobic inter-helix space, where it makes extensive hydrophobic interactions with nearby residues such as Met470, Phe569, Leu588, and Ile589. The guanidinium group of Arg572 is similarly sized to the tryptophan it replaced; however, it is also positively charged. In the variant simulations, Arg572 forms hydrogen bonds with other residues in the inter-helix space, such as Ser592 and the backbone carbonyl atom of Leu465. Additionally, Arg572 hydrophobically packs its carbon chain with surrounding residues such as Phe569 and Ile589.However, the introduced residue arginine is too hydrophilic and charged for the hydrophobic space, disrupting the hydrophobic packing of the inter-helix space. Indeed, in the second simulation, Arg572 successfully escapes the hydrophobic niche completely, causing the whole protein to partially unfold.Overall, the residue swap is highly likely to cause critical protein folding problems, as evidenced by the effects seen in the variant simulations.
c.1714T>GW572G
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-17.692Likely Pathogenic0.997Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.900Likely Pathogenic6.57Destabilizing0.27.57Destabilizing7.07Destabilizing1.83Destabilizing-11.98Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging-1.24Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-7-20.5-129.16195.2127.90.00.0-1.00.0XPotentially PathogenicThe introduced residue Gly572, located in an α-helix (res. Arg563-Glu578), is considerably smaller than the tryptophan it replaced. The indole ring of the Trp572 side chain lies in a hydrophobic inter-helix space, where it makes extensive hydrophobic interactions with nearby residues such as Met470, Phe569, Leu588, and Ile589. In the variant simulations, all these favorable packing interactions are completely removed, as the introduced residue Gly572 essentially lacks a side chain altogether. Although not observed in the simulations, the residue swap could also weaken the integrity of the helix (res. Arg563-Glu578), as glycine is known as an “α-helix breaker.” Overall, the residue swap is highly likely to cause critical protein folding problems that are underestimated based on the effects seen in the variant simulations.
c.2131C>GL711V
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain16-33441596-C-G16.20e-7-10.045Likely Pathogenic0.709Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.170Likely Benign3.48Destabilizing0.12.22Destabilizing2.85Destabilizing1.40Destabilizing-2.59Deleterious0.992Probably Damaging0.970Probably Damaging3.34Benign0.00Affected3.509120.4-14.03
c.1717C>TR573W
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPConflicting 8-14.078Likely Pathogenic0.995Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.758Likely Pathogenic2.37Destabilizing0.70.57Ambiguous1.47Ambiguous0.88Ambiguous-6.94Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.997Probably Damaging-1.48Pathogenic0.00Affected3.37352-33.630.03257.639.00.10.00.20.0XXPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg573, located in an α-helix (res. Arg563-Glu578), forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate groups of Glu582 and/or Asp586 from a nearby α-helix (res. Glu582-Met603) in the WT simulations. Additionally, the Arg573 side chain stacks planarly with the aromatic phenol ring of Tyr665 and hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl group of Ser668 from another α-helix (res. Ser641-Ser668). In the variant simulations, the indole ring of the Trp573 side chain is unable to maintain the same level of coordination as the positively charged Arg573 side chain. Indeed, Trp573 is seen hydrogen bonding only briefly with the carboxylate group of Glu582. Consequently, the integrity of the opposing α-helix end (res. Glu582-Met603) is weakened. Overall, the residue swap has the potential to substantially affect the tertiary structure assembly during the protein folding process.
c.218G>AR73KLikely BenignUncertain 16-33425826-G-A21.24e-6-4.033Likely Benign0.151Likely BenignLikely Benign0.077Likely Benign-0.46Neutral0.053Benign0.007Benign4.14Benign0.00Affected4.321230.6-28.01
c.2206C>TR736CConflicting 36-33441671-C-T84.96e-6-7.113In-Between0.120Likely BenignLikely Benign0.190Likely Benign-2.06Neutral0.999Probably Damaging0.825Possibly Damaging2.48Pathogenic0.00Affected4.073-4-37.0-53.05
c.2207G>AR736HLikely BenignUncertain 16-33441672-G-A63.72e-6-5.409Likely Benign0.067Likely BenignLikely Benign0.029Likely Benign-0.12Neutral0.004Benign0.001Benign2.50Benign0.00Affected4.073201.3-19.05
c.2215G>CE739QLikely BenignUncertain 1-2.846Likely Benign0.161Likely BenignLikely Benign0.071Likely Benign-1.06Neutral0.801Possibly Damaging0.339Benign2.57Benign0.00Affected4.322220.0-0.98
c.2216A>TE739VLikely BenignUncertain 1-3.136Likely Benign0.274Likely BenignLikely Benign0.085Likely Benign-1.86Neutral0.891Possibly Damaging0.575Possibly Damaging2.47Pathogenic0.00Affected4.322-2-27.7-29.98
c.2217G>CE739DLikely BenignUncertain 1-3.369Likely Benign0.062Likely BenignLikely Benign0.097Likely Benign-0.49Neutral0.002Benign0.005Benign2.59Benign0.00Affected320.0-14.03
c.221G>AS74NLikely BenignUncertain 16-33425829-G-A53.10e-6-5.156Likely Benign0.112Likely BenignLikely Benign0.031Likely Benign-0.89Neutral0.043Benign0.007Benign4.09Benign0.00Affected4.32111-2.727.03
c.2221C>TP741SLikely BenignUncertain 26-33441686-C-T31.86e-6-3.700Likely Benign0.063Likely BenignLikely Benign0.076Likely Benign-0.27Neutral0.270Benign0.136Benign2.92Benign0.00Affected4.3221-10.8-10.0410.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.2239G>CV747LLikely BenignUncertain 16-33441704-G-C21.24e-6-2.790Likely Benign0.096Likely BenignLikely Benign0.047Likely Benign-0.52Neutral0.065Benign0.033Benign2.67Benign0.00Affected4.32221-0.414.03
c.223G>AE75KLikely BenignBenign/Likely benign 2-4.020Likely Benign0.358AmbiguousLikely Benign0.134Likely Benign-1.12Neutral0.748Possibly Damaging0.017Benign4.07Benign0.00Affected01-0.4-0.94
c.1763T>AL588H
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-16.947Likely Pathogenic0.999Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.939Likely Pathogenic4.20Destabilizing0.23.69Destabilizing3.95Destabilizing2.26Destabilizing-6.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging-1.42Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3834-2-3-7.023.98214.320.90.00.00.00.2XXXPotentially PathogenicThe isobutyl group of the Leu588 side chain, located in an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603), packs against hydrophobic residues in the inter-helix hydrophobic space (e.g., Ile584, Trp572, Phe484, Met470, Val473, Ile483).In the variant simulations, the imidazole ring of His588 is aromatic but contains polar delta and epsilon nitrogen atoms that are not suited for the hydrophobic niche. The protonated epsilon nitrogen forms a hydrogen bond with the backbone carbonyl group of Ala469, which can disrupt the continuity of the opposing α helix (res. Phe476-Lys460).While the residue swap could affect the tertiary assembly and the underlying protein folding process, it is difficult to determine if the mutation would be tolerated based solely on the variant simulations.
c.1767C>GI589M
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-12.225Likely Pathogenic0.926Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.830Likely Pathogenic0.74Ambiguous0.21.54Ambiguous1.14Ambiguous1.33Destabilizing-2.99Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging-1.94Pathogenic0.00Affected3.373521-2.618.03267.6-24.50.00.0-0.10.1XPotentially BenignA hydrophobic residue, Ile589, located in an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603), is swapped for another hydrophobic residue, methionine. The sec-butyl hydrocarbon side chain of Ile589 packs favourably with multiple residues in the inter-helix hydrophobic space (e.g., Phe569, Ile667, and Leu664).Although the S-methyl thioether group of the Met589 side chain in the variant is longer than the branched side chain of isoleucine, it stacks favourably with the aromatic phenol ring. Additionally, the polar sulphur atom forms a weak hydrogen bond with the guanidinium group of Arg573, which in turn forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Asp586.Overall, the hydrophobic packing in the inter-helix space does not appear to be disrupted in the variant simulations.
c.2245C>TR749WLikely Benign 16-33441710-C-T31.86e-6-7.647In-Between0.338Likely BenignLikely Benign0.173Likely Benign-2.62Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging2.59Benign0.00Affected4.3222-33.630.03
c.1778T>AL593H
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-16.504Likely Pathogenic0.998Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.812Likely Pathogenic2.52Destabilizing0.22.32Destabilizing2.42Destabilizing2.75Destabilizing-6.77Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.77Benign0.00Affected3.3735-2-3-7.023.98222.020.70.00.00.20.0XXPotentially PathogenicThe iso-propyl side chain of Leu593, located in an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603), packs favourably with multiple hydrophobic residues in the inter-helix space (e.g., Leu598, Ile589, Phe594, Phe561).In the variant simulations, His593 retains a similar packing arrangement via its aromatic imidazole ring. However, the polar nitrogen atoms introduce hydrogen bond donors and acceptors into the previously hydrophobic space. The epsilon protonated nitrogen of His593 forms a stable hydrogen bond with the phenol group of the Tyr505 side chain in an α helix (res. Gln503-Tyr518).While the residue swap could affect the tertiary assembly and the underlying protein folding process, it is difficult to determine if the mutation would be tolerated based solely on the variant simulations.
c.1786C>TR596C
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPConflicting 26-33440838-C-T63.72e-6-10.805Likely Pathogenic0.972Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.633Likely Pathogenic2.94Destabilizing0.01.49Ambiguous2.22Destabilizing-0.03Likely Benign-7.96Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.41Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-4-37.0-53.05230.797.9-0.10.0-0.30.4XXPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg596, located in an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603), forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu495 from another α helix (res. Leu489-Glu519). In the WT simulations, the side chain of Arg596 hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of Asn487, Glu486, Arg485, and Phe484. Additionally, Arg596 can hydrogen bond with the carboxamide group of the Asn487 side chain on an opposing loop that links two α helices (res. Ala461-Arg475, res. Leu489-Glu519).In the variant simulations, the thiol group of the Cys596 side chain is unable to form salt bridges or any of the hydrogen bonds that the Arg596 side chain can. Thus, the residue swap could affect the tertiary structure assembly more profoundly than observed in the simulations. Notably, Arg596 plays a key role in positioning the aforementioned loop, which is crucial for the placement of the “arginine finger” or the Arg485 side chain during RasGTPase activation.
c.227C>GS76CLikely BenignUncertain 16-33425835-C-G21.24e-6-5.408Likely Benign0.100Likely BenignLikely Benign0.076Likely Benign-1.78Neutral0.992Probably Damaging0.869Possibly Damaging3.71Benign0.00Affected4.3210-13.316.06
c.1787G>AR596H
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Benign 16-33440839-G-A159.29e-6-11.128Likely Pathogenic0.950Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.717Likely Pathogenic3.00Destabilizing0.90.43Likely Benign1.72Ambiguous1.35Destabilizing-4.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging2.43Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735201.3-19.05223.580.5-0.10.0-0.10.3XXPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg596, located in an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603), forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu495 from another α helix (res. Leu489-Glu519). In the WT simulations, the side chain of Arg596 hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of Asn487, Glu486, Arg485, and Phe484. Additionally, Arg596 can hydrogen bond with the carboxamide group of the Asn487 side chain on an opposing loop that links two α helices (res. Ala461-Arg475, res. Leu489-Glu519).In the variant simulations, the imidazole ring of His596 can form hydrogen bonds with the same residues as arginine; however, these interactions are not as coordinated or strong in comparison. Thus, the residue swap could affect the tertiary structure assembly more profoundly than observed in the simulations. Notably, Arg596 plays a key role in positioning the aforementioned loop, which is crucial for the placement of the “arginine finger” or the Arg485 side chain during RasGTPase activation.
c.1787G>TR596L
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-13.197Likely Pathogenic0.992Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.756Likely Pathogenic1.51Ambiguous0.3-0.58Ambiguous0.47Likely Benign-0.02Likely Benign-6.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.45Pathogenic0.00Affected3.3735-3-28.3-43.03234.263.4-0.10.0-0.50.6XXPotentially PathogenicThe guanidinium group of Arg596, located in an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603), forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu495 from another α helix (res. Leu489-Glu519). In the WT simulations, the side chain of Arg596 hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of Asn487, Glu486, Arg485, and Phe484. Additionally, Arg596 can hydrogen bond with the carboxamide group of the Asn487 side chain on an opposing loop that links two α helices (res. Ala461-Arg475, res. Leu489-Glu519).However, in the variant simulations, the branched hydrocarbon side chain of Leu596 cannot form any of the hydrogen bonds or salt bridges maintained by the considerably bulkier and positively charged Arg596 side chain. Instead, Leu596 packs hydrophobically with the phenyl ring of Phe484 in the linker loop or residues from the opposing helix (e.g., Ile494, Thr491).Thus, the residue swap could affect the tertiary structure assembly more profoundly than observed in the simulations. Notably, Arg596 plays a key role in positioning the aforementioned loop, which is crucial for the placement of the “arginine finger” or the Arg485 side chain during RasGTPase activation.10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.1802C>AA601E
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPConflicting 2-16.752Likely Pathogenic0.992Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.588Likely Pathogenic6.68Destabilizing0.85.76Destabilizing6.22Destabilizing1.24Destabilizing-4.98Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging2.54Benign0.00Affected3.37350-1-5.358.04240.0-82.30.00.00.70.1XXXPotentially PathogenicThe methyl side chain of Ala601, located on an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603), packs hydrophobically against other hydrophobic residues in the inter-helix space (e.g., Phe597, Leu598, Leu506, Phe608).In the variant simulations, the carboxylate group of Glu601 faces the inter-helix space and is forced to shift slightly away from the hydrophobic niche. Additionally, in two of the simulations, Glu601 forms a salt bridge with Arg499, causing the otherwise stable salt bridge between Arg499 and Glu496 at the outer surface of an α helix (res. Leu489-Glu519) to break due to the residue swap.These effects suggest that the protein folding process could be seriously affected. Moreover, due to its location at the GAP-Ras interface, it could also impact the complex formation with the GTPase.
c.233G>TR78LLikely BenignUncertain 1-3.389Likely Benign0.635Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.062Likely Benign-1.59Neutral0.385Benign0.021Benign3.84Benign0.00Affected-3-28.3-43.03
c.1811C>TS604L
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 16-33440863-C-T63.72e-6-14.683Likely Pathogenic0.965Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.639Likely Pathogenic-0.94Ambiguous0.1-1.24Ambiguous-1.09Ambiguous-0.31Likely Benign-5.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.991Probably Damaging3.09Benign0.00Affected3.3735-3-24.626.08234.0-49.60.00.10.30.5XXPotentially PathogenicSer604 is located in a short turn between an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603) and a short α helical section (res. Ser606-Phe608). In the WT simulations, the hydroxyl side chain of Ser604 periodically hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of other α helix residues (e.g., Pro600, Met603). Serine weakens the α helix secondary structure, and thus, Ser604 along with Pro605 breaks the α helix, facilitating the turn in the WT structure.In contrast, in the variant simulations, Leu604 forms a few hydrophobic interactions (e.g., Leu607, Phe608). More importantly, the helix end is more stable than with Ser604 in the WT. The residue swap could have a more profound effect on the actual folding process, for example, by preventing the bending at the α helix end, than what the simulations suggest.Moreover, Ser604 directly hydrogen bonds with Ras residues Ser65 and Ala66 in the WT SynGAP-Ras complex. The hydrophobic leucine cannot maintain these interactions with Ras at the GAP-Ras interface. Thus, the effect of the residue swap on the complex formation with the GTPase cannot be fully explored in the solvent-only simulations.
c.1813C>TP605S
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-10.830Likely Pathogenic0.987Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.718Likely Pathogenic3.40Destabilizing0.13.34Destabilizing3.37Destabilizing1.00Destabilizing-7.96Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging0.70Pathogenic0.00Affected3.37351-10.8-10.04213.8-15.4-0.30.20.20.1XXPotentially PathogenicPro605 is located in a short turn between an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603) and a short α helical section (res. Ser606-Phe608). The pyrrolidine side chain of Pro605 packs hydrophobically with nearby hydrophobic residues (e.g., Ile514, Leu623, Leu610) in the inter-helix space. Additionally, proline lacks a free backbone amide group, which breaks the α helix and facilitates the turn in the WT structure.In the variant simulations, the hydroxyl side chain of Ser605 forms hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of Ala601 and Ile602. Importantly, the helix end is more stable than with Pro605 in the WT. Indeed, proline is a more effective secondary structure breaker compared to serine.Thus, the residue swap could have a more profound effect on the actual folding process, for example, by preventing the bending at the α helix end, than what the simulations suggest. Moreover, due to its location at the GAP-Ras interface, the residue swap could affect the GAP-Ras association.
c.1814C>GP605R
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-13.745Likely Pathogenic0.996Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.845Likely Pathogenic8.71Destabilizing2.56.46Destabilizing7.59Destabilizing0.92Ambiguous-8.95Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging0.69Pathogenic0.00Affected3.37350-2-2.959.07281.7-118.1-0.20.00.50.1XXXXPotentially PathogenicPro605 is located in a short turn between an α helix (res. Glu582-Met603) and a short α helical section (res. Ser606-Phe608). The pyrrolidine side chain of Pro605 packs hydrophobically with nearby hydrophobic residues (e.g., Ile514, Leu623, Leu610) in the inter-helix space. Additionally, proline lacks a free backbone amide group, which breaks the α helix and facilitates the turn in the WT structure.In the variant simulations, the guanidinium side chain of Arg605 is bulkier than proline, and its positively charged guanidinium group faces mostly hydrophobic residues (e.g., Ile514, Leu623, Leu610). As a result, it needs to rotate away from the hydrophobic niche. The residue swap could have a more profound effect on the actual folding process, for example, by preventing the bending at the α helix end.Moreover, due to its location at the GAP-Ras interface, the residue swap could affect the GAP-Ras association.
c.2353C>TR785CLikely PathogenicSH3-binding motifUncertain 16-33442905-C-T291.80e-5-5.887Likely Benign0.662Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.126Likely Benign-5.06Deleterious0.144Benign0.046Benign2.22Pathogenic0.00Affected3.646-4-37.0-53.05
c.1898T>CL633P
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPPathogenic/Likely path. 2-15.669Likely Pathogenic1.000Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.693Likely Pathogenic6.60Destabilizing0.210.15Destabilizing8.38Destabilizing2.42Destabilizing-6.97Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.70Benign0.00Affected3.3734-3-3-5.4-16.04193.265.10.00.00.10.0XPotentially PathogenicThe iso-butyl side chain of Leu633, located in the middle of an α helix (res. Glu617-Asn635), packs hydrophobically with nearby residues (e.g., Leu653, Val629, Leu551) in the WT simulations.In the variant simulations, the pyrrolidine side chain of Pro633 is not as optimal for hydrophobic packing as Leu633 in the WT. Additionally, proline lacks a free backbone amide group, so Pro633 cannot form a hydrogen bond with the backbone carbonyl group of Val629, which disrupts the continuity of the secondary structure element.
c.1925A>CK642T
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-12.823Likely Pathogenic0.948Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.484Likely Benign0.53Ambiguous0.10.30Likely Benign0.42Likely Benign0.28Likely Benign-5.88Deleterious0.872Possibly Damaging0.839Possibly Damaging2.86Benign0.00Affected3.37310-13.2-27.07213.5-8.7-0.30.40.30.2XUncertainThe amino side chain of Lys642, located on the surface of an α helix (res. Ser641-Glu666), is not involved in any interactions in the WT simulations. In the variant simulations, the shorter side chain of Thr642 forms hydrogen bonds with Glu643 and Thr640 on the same α helix.Regardless, Lys642 is positioned directly at the GAP-Ras interface, and in the SynGAP-Ras WT simulations, its amino side chain forms salt bridges with the carboxylate groups of Ras residues Asp33 and Asp38. The shorter Thr642 is more likely to prefer hydrogen bonding with Glu643 and Thr640 on the same α helix, even in the Ras complex. Thus, the effect of the residue swap on the complex formation with the GTPase cannot be explored using solvent-only simulations.
c.2393C>TP798LLikely BenignSH3-binding motifUncertain 26-33442945-C-T63.72e-6-5.640Likely Benign0.074Likely BenignLikely Benign0.042Likely Benign-0.86Neutral0.981Probably Damaging0.631Possibly Damaging4.21Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-35.416.04
c.2408A>GK803RLikely BenignSH3-binding motifUncertain 1-2.281Likely Benign0.097Likely BenignLikely Benign0.018Likely Benign-1.52Neutral0.103Benign0.038Benign2.38Pathogenic0.00Affected3.77532-0.628.01
c.2414T>CL805PSH3-binding motifUncertain 1-4.661Likely Benign0.444AmbiguousLikely Benign0.272Likely Benign-3.40Deleterious0.975Probably Damaging0.767Possibly Damaging2.36Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-3-3-5.4-16.04
c.2435C>AP812HSH3-binding motifUncertain 26-33442987-C-A31.86e-6-7.470In-Between0.698Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.272Likely Benign-2.81Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.995Probably Damaging2.68Benign0.00Affected4.3240-2-1.640.02
c.1991T>CL664S
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Benign 16-33441250-T-C16.20e-7-16.498Likely Pathogenic0.997Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.543Likely Pathogenic3.75Destabilizing0.23.63Destabilizing3.69Destabilizing2.77Destabilizing-5.99Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.996Probably Damaging2.85Benign0.00Affected3.3828-3-2-4.6-26.08215.550.10.00.0-0.20.2XPotentially BenignThe iso-butyl side chain of L664, located on an α-helix (res. Ser641-Glu666), hydrophobically interacts with residues in the inter-helix space between three helices (res. Glu617-Asn635, res. Glu582-Met603, and res. Ser641-Glu666), such as Ile589, Phe663, and Met660. In the variant simulations, the hydroxyl group of Ser664 forms hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl oxygen of another helix residue, such as Met660 or Gln661. This interaction is known to destabilize hydrogen bonding in the α-helix, but this effect was not observed in the simulations. Additionally, Ser664 occasionally forms hydrogen bonds with the carboxylate group of Asp586 on another α-helix (res. Glu582-Met603), which could minimally influence the tertiary structure assembly. Despite these interactions, no major negative effects on the protein structure were observed during the simulations.
c.2443C>TR815CLikely PathogenicSH3-binding motifUncertain 16-33442995-C-T53.10e-6-9.373Likely Pathogenic0.828Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.174Likely Benign-3.89Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging2.59Benign0.00Affected4.324-4-37.0-53.05
c.2485G>AE829KLikely PathogenicPathogenic 1-7.527In-Between0.807Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.194Likely Benign-2.65Deleterious0.994Probably Damaging0.900Possibly Damaging2.27Pathogenic0.00Affected3.77501-0.4-0.94
c.2003C>TS668F
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-15.047Likely Pathogenic0.999Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.643Likely Pathogenic16.72Destabilizing5.011.07Destabilizing13.90Destabilizing0.00Likely Benign-5.98Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.935Probably Damaging3.18Benign0.00Affected3.3828-3-23.660.10250.9-59.6-0.10.10.00.1XXXPotentially PathogenicIn the WT simulations, the hydroxyl side chain of Ser668, located on an α-α loop connecting the two α-helices (res. Ser641-Glu666 and res. Leu685-Val699), forms hydrogen bonds with the backbone carbonyl groups of Leu664, Tyr665, and Glu666, as well as the guanidinium group of Arg573 on a nearby α-helix (res. Arg563-Glu578). In the variant simulations, the side chain of Phe668 cannot maintain the same hydrogen-bond network. Due to its larger size, it moves away to avoid steric hindrance. In the WT simulations, a network of hydrogen bonds between several residues (e.g., Asn669, Lys566, and Glu666) keeps both α-helices and the proceeding loop (res. Asn669-Asp684) tightly connected, but this setup is not present in the variant simulations. Additionally, in the variant simulations, the side chain of Arg573 shifts to form a more stable salt bridge with the carboxylate group of Glu582 instead of hydrogen bonding with Ser668 as in the WT simulations.
c.2015C>TT672M
(3D Viewer)
GAPConflicting 26-33441274-C-T191.18e-5-9.472Likely Pathogenic0.174Likely BenignLikely Benign0.127Likely Benign0.31Likely Benign0.41.52Ambiguous0.92Ambiguous0.41Likely Benign-4.34Deleterious0.993Probably Damaging0.520Possibly Damaging3.39Benign0.00Affected3.4025-1-12.630.09231.9-52.91.10.10.50.0XXPotentially PathogenicThe hydroxyl group of Thr672, located in an entangled α-α loop connecting the two α-helices (res. Ser641-Glu666 and res. Leu685-Val699), is involved in a highly coordinated hydrogen-bonding network between residues from two α-helices (res. Ser641-Glu666 and res. Arg563-Glu578) and from the α-α loop itself, such as Lys566, Glu666, and Asn669. Met672 can only form a hydrogen bond with the amino group of the Lys566 side chain via its backbone carbonyl group. Nevertheless, the Lys566-Glu666 salt bridge forms intermittently. This is possible because Asn669 keeps the carboxylate group of Glu666 in the vicinity through hydrogen bonding, and the hydrophobic side chain of Met stays mostly rotated away from the salt bridge. Consequently, no drastic disruption of the hydrogen-bond network that keeps the loop close to the helices occurs in the variant simulations.
c.249A>TR83SLikely BenignUncertain 1-2.550Likely Benign0.999Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.094Likely Benign-1.87Neutral0.909Possibly Damaging0.587Possibly Damaging3.19Benign0.00Affected4.3210-13.7-69.11
c.2502G>CM834ILikely BenignUncertain 1-3.377Likely Benign0.291Likely BenignLikely Benign0.055Likely Benign-1.21Neutral0.026Benign0.009Benign2.56Benign0.00Affected4.324122.6-18.03
c.250C>GR84GUncertain 1-6.627Likely Benign0.989Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.139Likely Benign-2.64Deleterious0.962Probably Damaging0.726Possibly Damaging3.68Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-24.1-99.14
c.2518A>TS840CLikely PathogenicUncertain 1-8.799Likely Pathogenic0.904Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.376Likely Benign-3.96Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.975Probably Damaging1.50Pathogenic0.00Affected3.7750-13.316.06
c.2075T>CL692P
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-16.447Likely Pathogenic1.000Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.668Likely Pathogenic9.19Destabilizing0.113.20Destabilizing11.20Destabilizing1.69Destabilizing-6.98Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging3.06Benign0.00Affected3.4217-3-3-5.4-16.04186.262.8-0.20.1-0.70.3XPotentially PathogenicThe isobutyl side chain of Leu692, located in the middle of an α-helix (res. Leu685-Gln702), engages in hydrophobic packing with nearby residues (e.g., Leu441, Leu431, Leu696) in the inter-helix space. Prolines lack a free amide group necessary for hydrogen bonding with the carbonyl group of Glu688 in the same manner as Leu692 in the WT. Consequently, the residue swap with proline disrupts the continuity of the secondary structure element in the variant simulations. Additionally, the side chain of Pro692 is not as optimal as Leu692 for hydrophobic packing in the inter-helix space.
c.2087T>CL696P
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPLikely Pathogenic 1-16.926Likely Pathogenic1.000Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.678Likely Pathogenic6.66Destabilizing0.210.84Destabilizing8.75Destabilizing2.13Destabilizing-6.58Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging3.00Benign0.00Affected3.4613-3-3-5.4-16.04180.665.90.10.0-0.60.1XPotentially PathogenicThe isobutyl side chain of Leu696, located in the middle of an α-helix (res. Leu685-Gln702), engages in hydrophobic packing with nearby residues (e.g., Leu441, Leu431, Leu692, Leu714) in the inter-helix space. Prolines lack a free amide group necessary for hydrogen bonding with the carbonyl group of Leu692 in the same manner as Leu696 in the WT. Consequently, the residue swap with proline disrupts the continuity of the secondary structure element in the variant simulations. Additionally, the side chain of Pro696 is not as optimal as Leu696 for hydrophobic packing in the inter-helix space.
c.2525C>AS842YLikely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic 1-16.124Likely Pathogenic0.995Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.191Likely Benign-4.28Deleterious0.944Possibly Damaging0.676Possibly Damaging1.97Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-3-2-0.576.10
c.2557G>CG853RLikely BenignUncertain 1-4.749Likely Benign0.366AmbiguousLikely Benign0.091Likely Benign-1.27Neutral0.846Possibly Damaging0.624Possibly Damaging4.18Benign0.00Affected-3-2-4.199.14
c.256G>AV86ILikely BenignUncertain 1-4.726Likely Benign0.338Likely BenignLikely Benign0.076Likely Benign-0.31Neutral0.267Benign0.097Benign3.94Benign0.00Affected4.321430.314.03
c.2578G>AV860ILikely BenignBenign 16-33443130-G-A211.30e-5-4.516Likely Benign0.095Likely BenignLikely Benign0.039Likely Benign-0.42Neutral0.009Benign0.006Benign4.24Benign0.00Affected3.775430.314.03
c.2162T>GI721S
(3D Viewer)
Likely PathogenicGAPUncertain 1-14.032Likely Pathogenic0.996Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.466Likely Benign3.91Destabilizing0.13.96Destabilizing3.94Destabilizing2.28Destabilizing-5.26Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging1.000Probably Damaging2.21Pathogenic0.00Affected3.509-1-2-5.3-26.08203.349.3-0.10.0-1.10.0XUncertainThe sec-butyl side chain of Ile721, located on an α-helix (res. Leu714-Arg726), engages in hydrophobic packing with other residues in the hydrophobic inter-helix space, such as Phe420, Tyr417, His693, and Leu717. In the variant simulations, the hydroxyl side chain of Ser721 forms hydrogen bonds with nearby residues, such as Leu717 and His693. Although no major structural changes are observed during the variant simulations, the hydrophilic residue Ser721 could disrupt the hydrophobic packing during folding. However, because the model ends abruptly at the C-terminus, no definite conclusions can be drawn based on the simulations.
c.263T>CV88ALikely BenignUncertain 1-5.860Likely Benign0.993Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.050Likely Benign-1.22Neutral0.053Benign0.008Benign3.75Benign0.00Affected4.32100-2.4-28.05
c.2657C>TA886VLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443209-C-T181.12e-5-4.478Likely Benign0.078Likely BenignLikely Benign0.061Likely Benign-0.20Neutral0.888Possibly Damaging0.314Benign2.17Pathogenic0.00Affected4.324002.428.05
c.265C>GP89ALikely BenignUncertain 2-5.778Likely Benign0.920Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.095Likely Benign-2.47Neutral0.225Benign0.020Benign3.77Benign0.00Affected4.3211-13.4-26.04
c.266C>TP89LUncertain 2-6.775Likely Benign0.982Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.119Likely Benign-3.29Deleterious0.889Possibly Damaging0.058Benign3.73Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-35.416.04
c.269T>AV90ELikely BenignUncertain 1-4.079Likely Benign0.703Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.108Likely Benign-0.38Neutral0.001Benign0.000Benign4.00Benign0.00Affected4.321-2-2-7.729.98
c.272A>GE91GLikely BenignLikely Benign 1-3.226Likely Benign0.783Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.110Likely Benign-2.18Neutral0.947Possibly Damaging0.727Possibly Damaging3.86Benign0.00Affected4.3210-23.1-72.06
c.2735C>AT912NLikely BenignUncertain 1-4.260Likely Benign0.190Likely BenignLikely Benign0.116Likely Benign-1.15Neutral0.999Probably Damaging0.977Probably Damaging3.96Benign0.00Affected3.77500-2.813.00
c.2750C>GP917RLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443302-C-G53.10e-6-4.475Likely Benign0.363AmbiguousLikely Benign0.142Likely Benign-1.70Neutral0.642Possibly Damaging0.316Benign2.68Benign0.00Affected3.775-20-2.959.07
c.277C>GR93GLikely BenignUncertain 1-2.674Likely Benign0.400AmbiguousLikely Benign0.093Likely Benign-1.69Neutral0.103Benign0.019Benign3.99Benign0.00Affected4.321-2-34.1-99.14
c.280C>TP94SLikely BenignBenign 16-33425888-C-T53.10e-6-3.151Likely Benign0.084Likely BenignLikely Benign0.093Likely Benign-2.36Neutral0.092Benign0.008Benign4.13Benign0.00Affected4.3211-10.8-10.04
c.2825C>TP942LLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443377-C-T42.48e-6-5.063Likely Benign0.086Likely BenignLikely Benign0.048Likely Benign-2.00Neutral0.411Benign0.239Benign2.37Pathogenic0.00Affected4.324-3-35.416.04
c.2830G>AG944SLikely BenignBenign 16-33443382-G-A138.05e-6-5.303Likely Benign0.082Likely BenignLikely Benign0.223Likely Benign-0.75Neutral0.007Benign0.004Benign3.77Benign0.00Affected4.32410-0.430.03
c.2837G>AG946ELikely BenignBenign 36-33443389-G-A138.05e-6-8.793Likely Pathogenic0.257Likely BenignLikely Benign0.341Likely Benign-0.51Neutral0.818Possibly Damaging0.355Benign4.58Benign0.00Affected4.3240-2-3.172.06
c.2845G>AG949SLikely BenignBenign/Likely benign 46-33443397-G-A1227.56e-5-5.693Likely Benign0.072Likely BenignLikely Benign0.321Likely Benign0.30Neutral0.611Possibly Damaging0.102Benign2.23Pathogenic0.00Affected4.32410-0.430.0310.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.2863T>CS955PLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443415-T-C31.86e-6-2.584Likely Benign0.073Likely BenignLikely Benign0.098Likely Benign-0.75Neutral0.001Benign0.004Benign2.33Pathogenic0.00Affected3.7751-1-0.810.04
c.2864C>TS955FConflicting 46-33443416-C-T955.89e-5-7.374In-Between0.176Likely BenignLikely Benign0.093Likely Benign-1.73Neutral0.977Probably Damaging0.721Possibly Damaging2.32Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-3-23.660.10
c.286G>AG96SLikely BenignUncertain 16-33425894-G-A53.10e-6-3.049Likely Benign0.065Likely BenignLikely Benign0.071Likely Benign-0.76Neutral0.364Benign0.008Benign4.25Benign0.00Affected4.32110-0.430.03
c.28C>TR10WLikely BenignUncertain 16-33420292-C-T21.30e-6-5.707Likely Benign0.503AmbiguousLikely Benign0.236Likely Benign-0.31Neutral0.964Probably Damaging0.190Benign4.10Benign0.00Affected4.3212-33.630.03
c.2912C>AP971HLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443464-C-A16.20e-7-5.243Likely Benign0.086Likely BenignLikely Benign0.039Likely Benign-1.11Neutral0.898Possibly Damaging0.477Possibly Damaging3.89Benign0.00Affected4.322-20-1.640.02
c.291G>TE97DLikely BenignUncertain 36-33425899-G-T-3.239Likely Benign0.077Likely BenignLikely Benign0.081Likely Benign-0.49Neutral0.880Possibly Damaging0.636Possibly Damaging4.12Benign0.00Affected4.321320.0-14.03
c.2945A>GY982CLikely BenignLikely Benign 16-33443497-A-G21.24e-6-6.256Likely Benign0.746Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.195Likely Benign-1.67Neutral0.997Probably Damaging0.923Probably Damaging3.87Benign0.00Affected4.3210-23.8-60.04
c.2948G>AS983NLikely Benign 16-33443500-G-A63.72e-6-5.604Likely Benign0.909Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.136Likely Benign-1.78Neutral0.991Probably Damaging0.988Probably Damaging2.04Pathogenic0.00Affected4.32111-2.727.03
c.2954G>AS985NLikely BenignUncertain 1-6.979Likely Benign0.845Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.088Likely Benign-1.68Neutral0.991Probably Damaging0.988Probably Damaging2.65Benign0.00Affected4.32111-2.727.03
c.2962C>TL988FLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443514-C-T16.20e-7-4.368Likely Benign0.356AmbiguousLikely Benign0.135Likely Benign-1.70Neutral0.977Probably Damaging0.900Possibly Damaging2.69Benign0.00Affected4.32220-1.034.02
c.2983C>TP995SLikely BenignUncertain 1-4.457Likely Benign0.071Likely BenignLikely Benign0.042Likely Benign-1.03Neutral0.011Benign0.015Benign4.24Benign0.00Affected4.3211-10.8-10.04
c.2989G>AA997TLikely BenignUncertain 1-4.102Likely Benign0.071Likely BenignLikely Benign0.085Likely Benign-0.62Neutral0.224Benign0.120Benign4.17Benign0.00Affected4.32410-2.530.03
c.29G>AR10QLikely BenignUncertain 26-33420293-G-A201.30e-5-4.438Likely Benign0.185Likely BenignLikely Benign0.084Likely Benign0.03Neutral0.121Benign0.004Benign4.17Benign0.00Affected4.321111.0-28.06
c.29G>CR10PLikely BenignUncertain 26-33420293-G-C21.30e-6-3.772Likely Benign0.162Likely BenignLikely Benign0.220Likely Benign-0.05Neutral0.233Benign0.026Benign4.13Benign0.00Affected4.3210-22.9-59.07
c.3002T>CL1001PLikely BenignUncertain 1-3.071Likely Benign0.209Likely BenignLikely Benign0.113Likely Benign-1.02Neutral0.966Probably Damaging0.690Possibly Damaging2.65Benign0.00Affected4.324-3-3-5.4-16.04
c.3009C>GS1003RUncertain 1-5.113Likely Benign0.991Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.141Likely Benign-1.88Neutral0.999Probably Damaging0.996Probably Damaging2.48Pathogenic0.00Affected3.7750-1-3.769.11
c.303C>AH101QLikely BenignUncertain 16-33432168-C-A16.20e-7-2.827Likely Benign0.124Likely BenignLikely Benign0.147Likely Benign-0.37Neutral0.824Possibly Damaging0.880Possibly Damaging4.24Benign0.00Affected4.32130-0.3-9.01
c.304T>GL102VLikely BenignUncertain 16-33432169-T-G16.20e-7-4.316Likely Benign0.068Likely BenignLikely Benign0.102Likely Benign0.32Neutral0.880Possibly Damaging0.899Possibly Damaging4.21Benign0.00Affected4.321210.4-14.03
c.3055C>TR1019CLikely PathogenicConflicting 26-33443607-C-T106.19e-6-7.386In-Between0.646Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.168Likely Benign-4.00Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.880Possibly Damaging2.36Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-4-37.0-53.0510.1016/j.ajhg.2020.11.011
c.3059G>CR1020PLikely PathogenicUncertain 1-3.491Likely Benign0.902Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.205Likely Benign-3.50Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.977Probably Damaging2.46Pathogenic0.00Affected0-22.9-59.07
c.3059G>TR1020LUncertain 1-6.031Likely Benign0.907Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.216Likely Benign-4.03Deleterious0.990Probably Damaging0.921Probably Damaging2.50Benign0.00Affected3.775-3-28.3-43.03
c.311G>TR104LLikely BenignBenign 16-33432176-G-T16.20e-7-3.563Likely Benign0.578Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.170Likely Benign-1.38Neutral0.001Benign0.002Benign4.05Benign0.00Affected4.321-2-38.3-43.03
c.313T>CS105PLikely BenignUncertain 1-3.631Likely Benign0.166Likely BenignLikely Benign0.204Likely Benign0.03Neutral0.808Possibly Damaging0.212Benign4.00Benign0.00Affected4.321-11-0.810.04
c.314C>TS105LLikely BenignUncertain 26-33432179-C-T42.48e-6-3.710Likely Benign0.233Likely BenignLikely Benign0.095Likely Benign-1.52Neutral0.828Possibly Damaging0.048Benign4.06Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-24.626.08
c.3175G>AG1059RUncertain 16-33443727-G-A684.23e-5-8.452Likely Pathogenic0.376AmbiguousLikely Benign0.333Likely Benign-0.55Neutral0.001Benign0.001Benign2.53Benign0.00Affected4.322-3-2-4.199.14
c.3176G>CG1059ALikely BenignUncertain 16-33443728-G-C42.49e-6-6.754Likely Benign0.081Likely BenignLikely Benign0.329Likely Benign-0.17Neutral0.001Benign0.002Benign2.56Benign0.00Affected4.322102.214.03
c.3181G>AG1061SLikely BenignUncertain 1-4.891Likely Benign0.079Likely BenignLikely Benign0.283Likely Benign-0.68Neutral0.004Benign0.004Benign4.00Benign0.00Affected10-0.430.03
c.3181G>TG1061CLikely BenignConflicting 26-33443733-G-T63.73e-6-9.511Likely Pathogenic0.119Likely BenignLikely Benign0.409Likely Benign-1.46Neutral0.938Possibly Damaging0.665Possibly Damaging3.97Benign0.00Affected4.322-3-32.946.09
c.3194C>TP1065LLikely Benign 16-33443746-C-T148.71e-6-5.085Likely Benign0.089Likely BenignLikely Benign0.068Likely Benign-2.94Deleterious0.950Possibly Damaging0.419Benign2.01Pathogenic0.00Affected4.322-3-35.416.04
c.3196C>TP1066SLikely BenignLikely Pathogenic 1-4.746Likely Benign0.070Likely BenignLikely Benign0.145Likely Benign-2.47Neutral0.972Probably Damaging0.850Possibly Damaging2.74Benign0.00Affected4.3221-10.8-10.04
c.3197C>TP1066LLikely BenignLikely Benign 16-33443749-C-T148.71e-6-5.478Likely Benign0.092Likely BenignLikely Benign0.173Likely Benign-3.68Deleterious0.996Probably Damaging0.903Possibly Damaging2.72Benign0.00Affected4.322-3-35.416.04
c.3233T>AV1078DLikely BenignUncertain 1-5.155Likely Benign0.979Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.158Likely Benign-1.45Neutral0.003Benign0.008Benign3.84Benign0.00Affected3.775-3-2-7.715.96
c.3237C>AS1079RLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443789-C-A42.51e-6-4.579Likely Benign0.955Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.123Likely Benign-1.81Neutral0.177Benign0.075Benign3.86Benign0.00Affected3.7750-1-3.769.11
c.3237C>GS1079RLikely BenignBenign 1-4.579Likely Benign0.955Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.124Likely Benign-1.81Neutral0.177Benign0.075Benign3.86Benign0.00Affected3.7750-1-3.769.11
c.3251C>AP1084HLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443803-C-A16.31e-7-4.125Likely Benign0.323Likely BenignLikely Benign0.134Likely Benign-3.16Deleterious0.997Probably Damaging0.840Possibly Damaging3.96Benign0.00Affected3.775-20-1.640.02
c.3253C>TR1085WUncertain 16-33443805-C-T21.26e-6-6.339Likely Benign0.821Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.202Likely Benign-3.15Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.996Probably Damaging2.70Benign0.00Affected3.775-323.630.03
c.335G>CG112ALikely BenignUncertain 16-33432200-G-C159.30e-6-2.456Likely Benign0.119Likely BenignLikely Benign0.114Likely Benign-2.34Neutral0.231Benign0.054Benign4.07Benign0.00Affected3.615102.214.03
c.3361A>GS1121GLikely BenignUncertain 16-33443913-A-G17.00e-7-1.220Likely Benign0.054Likely BenignLikely Benign0.067Likely Benign-0.53Neutral0.003Benign0.004Benign6.63Benign0.00Affected3.775010.4-30.03
c.3386T>CL1129PLikely BenignUncertain 2-2.991Likely Benign0.154Likely BenignLikely Benign0.432Likely Benign0.27Neutral0.971Probably Damaging0.773Possibly Damaging5.44Benign0.00Affected4.324-3-3-5.4-16.04
c.3410A>CH1137PLikely BenignBenign 16-33444445-A-C127.44e-6-2.098Likely Benign0.054Likely BenignLikely Benign0.419Likely Benign-1.93Neutral0.925Possibly Damaging0.703Possibly Damaging5.29Benign0.00Affected4.324-201.6-40.02
c.3424T>CS1142PLikely BenignLikely Benign 16-33444459-T-C16.20e-7-2.713Likely Benign0.222Likely BenignLikely Benign0.107Likely Benign-2.19Neutral0.918Possibly Damaging0.761Possibly Damaging2.64Benign0.00Affected4.324-11-0.810.04
c.3442A>TM1148LLikely BenignUncertain 1-1.777Likely Benign0.093Likely BenignLikely Benign0.068Likely Benign-1.13Neutral0.016Benign0.016Benign2.62Benign0.00Affected4.322421.9-18.03
c.3457C>TR1153WLikely PathogenicUncertain 26-33444492-C-T21.24e-6-5.812Likely Benign0.994Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.317Likely Benign-5.88Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging1.46Pathogenic0.00Affected3.7752-33.630.03
c.3595G>AE1199KCoiled-coilUncertain 16-33446587-G-A16.20e-7-10.853Likely Pathogenic0.954Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.171Likely Benign-2.26Neutral1.000Probably Damaging0.995Probably Damaging2.52Benign0.00Affected3.77501-0.4-0.94
c.3614T>CL1205PLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilUncertain 1-16.878Likely Pathogenic1.000Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.536Likely Pathogenic-5.91Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging1.45Pathogenic0.00Affected-3-3-5.4-16.04
c.3635C>TS1212FLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilConflicting 2-14.445Likely Pathogenic0.997Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.271Likely Benign-4.52Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging2.03Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-3-23.660.10
c.3640C>TR1214WLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilUncertain 16-33446632-C-T21.24e-6-8.799Likely Pathogenic0.710Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.143Likely Benign-4.95Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.983Probably Damaging2.45Pathogenic0.00Affected3.7752-33.630.03
c.3653A>TE1218VLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilUncertain 2-5.647Likely Benign0.936Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.418Likely Benign-5.68Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.998Probably Damaging2.21Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-2-27.7-29.98
c.3655T>CY1219HLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilUncertain 1-9.511Likely Pathogenic0.997Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.363Likely Benign-3.62Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging2.15Pathogenic0.00Affected3.77502-1.9-26.03
c.36C>GS12RLikely BenignUncertain 16-33420300-C-G42.59e-6-4.033Likely Benign0.500AmbiguousLikely Benign0.097Likely Benign-0.30Neutral0.000Benign0.000Benign4.09Benign0.00Affected4.3210-1-3.769.11
c.3721C>AL1241MCoiled-coilUncertain 1-5.881Likely Benign0.782Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.167Likely Benign-1.43Neutral1.000Probably Damaging0.999Probably Damaging1.65Pathogenic0.00Affected42-1.918.03
c.3773A>GQ1258RLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilUncertain 1-10.971Likely Pathogenic0.931Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.316Likely Benign-3.19Deleterious0.994Probably Damaging0.988Probably Damaging2.00Pathogenic0.00Affected11-1.028.06
c.3788T>CI1263TLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilUncertain 16-33446780-T-C21.24e-6-6.564Likely Benign0.962Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.529Likely Pathogenic-4.15Deleterious0.946Possibly Damaging0.673Possibly Damaging1.81Pathogenic0.00Affected3.7750-1-5.2-12.05
c.3794G>CR1265TLikely PathogenicCoiled-coilLikely Pathogenic 1-10.129Likely Pathogenic0.997Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.529Likely Pathogenic-4.97Deleterious0.997Probably Damaging0.994Probably Damaging2.29Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-1-13.8-55.08
c.379C>TR127WUncertain 1-4.776Likely Benign0.806Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.118Likely Benign-2.98Deleterious0.989Probably Damaging0.420Benign3.88Benign0.00Affected2-33.630.03
c.37A>GI13VLikely BenignUncertain 1-2.497Likely Benign0.105Likely BenignLikely Benign0.110Likely Benign0.01Neutral0.000Benign0.000Benign4.25Benign0.00Affected43-0.3-14.03
c.3806T>AV1269ELikely PathogenicCoiled-coilUncertain 1-11.418Likely Pathogenic0.989Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.403Likely Benign-5.05Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.995Probably Damaging2.09Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-2-2-7.729.98
c.3820C>TR1274CUncertain 16-33447868-C-T-6.467Likely Benign0.439AmbiguousLikely Benign0.170Likely Benign-5.22Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.996Probably Damaging2.46Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-4-37.0-53.05
c.3862A>GK1288EUncertain 16-33447910-A-G53.22e-6-2.751Likely Benign0.407AmbiguousLikely Benign0.185Likely Benign-3.27Deleterious0.979Probably Damaging0.973Probably Damaging2.13Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775100.40.94
c.3906G>CL1302FUncertain 1-5.674Likely Benign0.148Likely BenignLikely Benign0.211Likely Benign-2.70Deleterious0.960Probably Damaging0.657Possibly Damaging1.53Pathogenic0.00Affected20-1.034.02
c.391G>CG131RUncertain 1-6.564Likely Benign0.983Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.099Likely Benign-3.82Deleterious0.983Probably Damaging0.656Possibly Damaging3.92Benign0.00Affected3.615-2-3-4.199.14
c.3922C>TR1308CConflicting 26-33451796-C-T42.48e-6-4.994Likely Benign0.421AmbiguousLikely Benign0.352Likely Benign-4.89Deleterious0.999Probably Damaging0.993Probably Damaging2.31Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775-4-37.0-53.05
c.3923G>AR1308HUncertain 16-33451797-G-A31.86e-6-3.586Likely Benign0.201Likely BenignLikely Benign0.319Likely Benign-3.12Deleterious0.998Probably Damaging0.991Probably Damaging2.33Pathogenic0.00Affected3.775201.3-19.05
c.3949G>AG1317SLikely BenignConflicting 36-33451823-G-A16.26e-7-3.522Likely Benign0.145Likely BenignLikely Benign0.092Likely Benign-2.45Neutral0.127Benign0.045Benign4.08Benign0.00Affected3.77510-0.430.03
c.3958C>TP1320SLikely BenignUncertain 16-33451832-C-T21.28e-6-4.928Likely Benign0.073Likely BenignLikely Benign0.097Likely Benign-0.69Neutral0.980Probably Damaging0.968Probably Damaging4.25Benign0.00Affected3.7751-10.8-10.04
c.3970C>TP1324SLikely BenignLikely Benign 16-33451844-C-T53.26e-6-5.451Likely Benign0.068Likely BenignLikely Benign0.049Likely Benign0.35Neutral0.225Benign0.092Benign4.33Benign0.00Affected4.3211-10.8-10.04
c.3974C>TP1325LLikely BenignUncertain 16-33451848-C-T-5.256Likely Benign0.085Likely BenignLikely Benign0.146Likely Benign-1.05Neutral0.000Benign0.000Benign4.05Benign0.00Affected4.321-3-35.416.04
c.3977C>AP1326QLikely BenignUncertain 16-33451851-C-A16.40e-7-5.422Likely Benign0.128Likely BenignLikely Benign0.138Likely Benign-0.86Neutral0.999Probably Damaging0.994Probably Damaging3.62Benign0.00Affected3.775-10-1.931.01
c.3977C>GP1326RLikely BenignUncertain 1-5.097Likely Benign0.240Likely BenignLikely Benign0.133Likely Benign-0.82Neutral0.999Probably Damaging0.994Probably Damaging3.62Benign0.00Affected3.7750-2-2.959.07
c.3977C>TP1326LLikely BenignUncertain 1-5.541Likely Benign0.115Likely BenignLikely Benign0.117Likely Benign-1.06Neutral0.999Probably Damaging0.994Probably Damaging3.62Benign0.00Affected3.775-3-35.416.04
c.3995C>TT1332MLikely Benign 16-33451869-C-T201.86e-5-4.107Likely Benign0.948Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.252Likely Benign-3.63Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.991Probably Damaging2.95Benign0.00Affected3.775-1-12.630.09
c.3G>AM1ILikely BenignConflicting 3-5.397Likely Benign0.227Likely Benign-0.17Neutral0.001Benign0.000Benign4.25Benign0.00Affected4.321212.6-18.03
c.4000A>GN1334DUncertain 16-33451874-A-G-4.584Likely Benign0.674Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.126Likely Benign-3.06Deleterious0.886Possibly Damaging0.522Possibly Damaging3.55Benign0.00Affected3.775120.00.98
c.4003G>AG1335SLikely PathogenicConflicting 26-33451877-G-A32.37e-6-4.495Likely Benign0.986Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.362Likely Benign-3.79Deleterious1.000Probably Damaging0.997Probably Damaging2.04Pathogenic0.00Affected3.77510-0.430.03
c.4006G>AE1336KLikely BenignBenign 26-33451880-G-A64.20e-6-4.697Likely Benign0.977Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.272Likely Benign-2.44Neutral0.748Possibly Damaging0.079Benign3.23Benign0.00Affected3.77501-0.4-0.94
c.4008G>CE1336DLikely BenignLikely Benign 1-3.344Likely Benign0.596Likely PathogenicLikely Benign0.062Likely Benign-1.92Neutral0.001Benign0.003Benign3.30Benign0.00Affected3.775230.0-14.03
c.401G>AS134NLikely BenignUncertain 1-5.534Likely Benign0.813Likely PathogenicAmbiguous0.075Likely Benign-1.62Neutral0.001Benign0.002Benign3.90Benign0.00Affected3.61511-2.727.03
c.406C>TR136WLikely PathogenicUncertain 2-10.453Likely Pathogenic0.989Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.237Likely Benign-4.71Deleterious0.965Probably Damaging0.416Benign3.45Benign0.00Affected3.6152-33.630.03
c.407G>CR136PLikely PathogenicUncertain 1-11.952Likely Pathogenic0.981Likely PathogenicLikely Pathogenic0.277Likely Benign-3.72Deleterious0.910Possibly Damaging0.578Possibly Damaging3.47Benign0.00Affected3.6150-22.9-59.07

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